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Adenovirus Death Protein

abbr. ADP. This protein of 11.6 kDa, called also Adenovirus E3 11.6 kDa protein (E3-11.6K), is encoded by the nonessential E3 early multi-gene transcription unit in the genomes of various serotypes of adenoviruses. The N- and O-linked glycoprotein is unrelated to any cellular or viral protein implicated in regulating apoptosis and is expressed abundantly at very late stages of infection and localizes to the nuclear membrane and Golgi. ADP causes rapid cell lysis of adenovirus-infected cells (Tollefson et al, 1996). This helps to release viruses from infected cells (Doronin et al, 2005). It is thought that rapid cell lysis and release of virus particles enhances virus spread by limiting killing of virus by cell mediated immunity. The exact mechanism of action is not known. The viral protein may directly or indirectly interact with the Adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein and abrogate its ability to inhibit cell death by apoptosis (Tollefson et al, 1996). Overexpression of Adenovirus Death Protein induces cell killing by mechanisms that may depend on the activation of caspases as well as mechanisms independent mechanisms (Zou et al, 2004).

An oncolytic adenovirus vector that combines enhanced cell-to-cell spreading, mediated by the ADP cytolytic protein, with selective replication in a variety of cancer cell types and attenuated expression in normal cells has been constructed by Kuppuswamy et al (2005).

For other virus-encoded proteins with immunomodulatory/immune evasion activities and/or functions of cytokines or cytokine receptors see also the Virulence Factors Dictionary section of this encyclopedia. For other entries pertaining to cell death mechanisms see also the Apoptosis Dictionary section of this encyclopedia.

LAST MODIFIED: December 2006

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