Cytokines & Cells Online Pathfinder Encyclopaedia
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Horst Ibelgaufts' COPE:
Cytokines & Cells Online Pathfinder Encyclopaedia |
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a general term for those immunoregulatory cytokines that counteract various aspects of inflammation, for example cell activation or the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and thus contribute to the control of the magnitude of the inflammatory responses in vivo. These mediators act mainly by the inhibition of the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines or by counteracting many biological effects of pro-inflammatory mediators in different ways. The major anti-inflammatory cytokines are IL4, IL10, and IL13. Other anti-inflammatory mediators inc lude IL16, IFN-alpha, TGF-beta, IL1ra, G-CSF, as well as soluble receptors for TNF or IL6.
It should be noted that the common and clear-cut classification of cytokines as either pro anti-inflammatory or pro-inflammatory may be misleading. The net effect of an inflammatory response is determined by the balance between pro-inflammatory cytokines and anti-inflammatory cytokines. The type, duration, and also the extent of cellular activities induced by one particular cytokine can be influenced considerably by the nature of the target cells, the micro-environment of a cell, depending, for example, on the growth and activation state of the cells, the type of neighboring cells, cytokine concentrations, the presence of other cytokines, and even on the temporal sequence of several cytokines acting on the same cell.
LAST MODIFIED: January 2002
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