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Autacoids

Collective name used sometimes for a group of chemically diverse substances produced by almost all cell types in various tissues in the body. These substances, sometimes called also Local hormones or Autopharmacological agents, are usually short-lived, may act in an autocrine or paracrine manner, and have varied pharmacological activities. The term does not seem to be well-defined as some authors refer to some (peptide) hormones and regulatory peptide factors as autacoids. The term autacoids, among other things, may refer to a variety of low molecular weight compounds such as prostaglandins, leukotriens, prostanoids, lipids, nitrogen bases, reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, catecholamines, noradrenaline, histamine, platelet-activating factor, serotonin and other neurotransmitters, and small oligopeptides.

In many tissues and cell types, any of the above agents may indirectly or directly be involved in the activities of cytokines and growth factors.

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