Cytokine-related syndrome |
Cytokine response elements |
Phosphacan |
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an acute clinical syndrome attributed to the release of excessive amounts of cytokines (cytokinemia, hypercytokinemia) a short time after the administration of certain monoclonal antibodies directed against various proteins (Wing et al, 1996; Winkler et al, 1999; Bugelski et al, 2009; Walker et al, 2010). Some monoclonal antibodies used widely in anti-inflammatory and tumor therapy such as alemtuzumab, muromonab-CD3, rituximab, tosituzumab, CP-870,893, LO-CD2a/BTI-322, and TGN1412 have been associated with cytokine release syndrome symptoms, whereas more than 30 other monoclonals do not show such effects (Bugelski et al, 2012).
Clinically, this syndrome is characterized by fever, chills, rash, and nausea and a variety of other symptoms (Breslin, 2007). Severe forms are sometimes being referred to as cytokine storm
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