Staphylococcal complement inhibitor C |
Staphylococcus aureus beta-toxin |
Type 13 receptor tyrosine kinase |
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Alpha-toxin (called also Alpha-Hemolysin; abbr. Alpha-HL) is encoded by the hla gene of Staphylococcus aureus. It is a soluble 33 kDa toxin of 293 amino acids (Gray and Kehoe, 1984) produced by almost all strains of Staphylococcus aureus (Freer and Arbuthnott 1983). Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common Gram-positive bacterial pathogens in humans (Lowy, 1998) and the toxin is a significant virulence factor in human staphylococcal diseases. Septic shock and toxic shock are serious complications of an infection that may lead to multiple organ failure (Marrack and Kappler, 1990). Alpha-toxin was the first pore-forming bacterial cytolysin
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