TNF-alpha-2 |
TNF-alpha(70-80) |
EL4 6.1 |
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TNF-alpha-1, TNF-alpha-2, TNF-alpha-3 (Hong et al, 2013) are three different TNF-alpha proteins described in some fish species. These forms are expressed widely in tissues and are modulated by crude LPS, peptidoglycan, poly(I:C), and IFN-gamma in cell lines and primary macrophages, as well as by bacterial and viral infections.
In the rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss TNF-alpha-3 is the most responsive gene at early time points post-LPS stimulation and can be highly induced by the T-cell stimulant PHA, suggesting it is a particularly important TNF-alpha isoform. TNF-alpha-3 has been shown to induce the expression of
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