apoptotic regulator in the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum |
apoptotic subcellular membranous particles |
iPS cells |
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This ring structure in the nuclear periphery, termed also gamma-H2AX ring, forms early during cell death by apoptosis induced by death receptor activation (e. g., by TRAIL and FAS ligand). The structure contains Histone H2AX phosphorylated on serine 139 (termed gamma-H2AX), which has been identified as a hallmark of DNA damage response (Solier et al, 2009), and also activated cell cycle checkpoint kinases (ATM, Chk2 and DNA-PK) which affect gamma-H2AX phosphorylation in cell undergoing apoptosis. The gamma-H2AX ring coincides with phosphorylated
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