Articular chondrocytes |
artificial antigen-presenting cells |
GPR19 |
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[articular surface superficial cell]
These cells are located at the surface of articular cartilage. They are chondrocyte progenitors that fulfill criteria of unipotent adult stem cells. The cells divide more slowly than underlying articular chondrocytes, renew their numbers by symmetric division, express mesenchymal stem cell markers, and generate chondrocytes via both asymmetric and symmetric differentiation. These cells generate chondrocytes and contribute to the growth and reshaping of articular cartilage. Cartilage renewal occurs as the progeny of superficial cells fully replace fetal chondrocytes
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