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Cephalotocin (CYFRNCPIGamide) is a neuropeptide isolated from nerve terminals of the neurosecretory system of the vena cava of the cephalopod Octopus vulgaris. It belongs to the oxytocin / vasopressin family of vertebrate hormones and shows 78 % sequence homology with the vertebrate neurohypophysial hormone mesotocin. Cephalotocin mRNA is expressed mostly in the subesophageal brain and is almost limited in the ventral median vasomotor lobe. Some of the neurons in this lobe are the source of the neurosecretory system of the vena cava. Cephalotocin may play important roles as a neurohormone in metabolism and homeostasis (Takuwa-Kuroda et al, 2003).
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