Ciona savignyi progranulin-1 |
CIP29 |
DL-TRF |
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The octapeptide Cionin has been identified in the ascidian, Ciona intestinalis (Johnsen and Rehfeld, 1990), which is the closest species to vertebrates (Delsuc et al, 2006). Cionin (Asn-Tyr(SO3)-Tyr(SO3)-Gly-Trp-Met-Asp-Pheamide; NYYGWMDFamide) is expressed in the gut and neural ganglion of this protochordate and belongs to a class of neuropeptides structurally and functionally similar to the vertebrate brain-gut peptides cholecystokinin / gastrin (see: sulfakinins).
Cionin has been shown to stimulate the contraction of rainbow trout gallbladders and the release of histamine and gastric acid in the rat stomach, implying that cionin exerts activity similar to
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