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coreceptor

any cell-surface molecule that modulates the effects of the interaction between a ligand and its signaling receptor.

The T-cell surface molecules CD4 and CD8, for example, are coreceptors that increase the interaction between the T-cell receptor and MHC molecules on antigen-presenting cells. CD4 and CD8 act independently and bind to different parts of the MHC molecule, helping to stabilise the interaction. Some of the receptors for chemokines (CCR5, CX3CR1, and the viroceptor US28) have been shown to function as coreceptors, interacting with the HIV receptor and facilitating HIV entry.

The receptor for Artemin and related factors is a multicomponent complex composed of Ret tyrosine kinase and a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored coreceptor (GDNF family receptor).

Binding of bFGF and other heparin binding growth factors to their respective receptors may require the interaction with heparan sulfate and/or heparan sulfate proteoglycans (Syndecan-1, glypican-1) of the extracellular matrix before full functional activity is obtained. In some cases these receptors have been shown to modulate the bioactivities of growth factors by competing with the signaling receptors for ligand binding.

LAST MODIFIED: March 2006

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