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perineurial cells

These cells, called also perineural cells, form the perineurium, the middle layer of the protective perineural sheath surrounding peripheral nerves (see also: endoneurium, epineurium). They are organized in several concentric layers of overlapping, polygonal cells connected by tight junctions at the interdigitating cell borders (Thomas 1963). These cell layers alternate with extracellular matrix and a thick basement membrane (Gamble and Eames 1964).

These cells isolate the bundle of axons from the surrounding connective tissue and form part of a diffusion barrier (Allt and Lawrenson 2000; Kristensson and Olsson 1971; Ghabriel et al, 1989).

In developing and regenerating nerves, perineurial cells are derived from cells morphologically resembling fibroblasts (Gamble and Breathnach, 1965; Thomas and Bhagat, 1978; Thomas and Jones, 1967). They may, however, constitute a discrete entity because perineurial ceils can be maintained in culture in the absence of other cell types (Peltonen et al, 1987).

For other relevant entries see also: Cell types.

LAST MODIFIED: February 2007

See REFERENCES for entry perineurial cells

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