phalangeal cells |
PHAP1 |
PRLPO |
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[phalanx cell]
Phalanx cells are a specialized phenotype of endothelial cells that, together with tip cells and stalk cells, are instrumental for sprouting angiogenesis (Ribatti and Crivellato, 2012). These cells are more quiescent than endothelial tip cells, lack filipodia, and are aligned in a smooth tight cobblestone monolayer, resembling the "phalanx formation" of ancient Greek soldiers. The phalanx cell phenotype assumed by tip cells relies on the upregulation of (soluble) VEGFR1 and VE-cadherin and is controlled by the hypoxia-inducible factor HIF (Mazzone et al, 2009).
Mazzone et al (2009) have shown that endothelial-specific heterozygous deletion of prolyl-hydroxylase domain-2 (
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