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Factor XII

[coagulation factor XII] abbr. FXII, F12. Factor XII is known mainly for its activity as a clotting factor (Hageman factor) (Ratnoff and Davie, 1964). The protein contains a number of EGF-like repeats, which are found also in other proteins that act as growth factors or mitogens. The human factor XII gene has been cloned by Cool and MacGillivray (1987).

Citarella et al (1997) have reported that factor XII behaves as a negative acute phase protein.

The increased activity of factor XII has been shown to cause hereditary angioedema type III (Cichon et al, 2006).

Renne et al. (2005) found that F12-deficient mice, like F12-deficient humans, had normal bleeding times and no spontaneous bleeding. Knock-out mice lacking factor XII, like F12-deficient humans, have normal bleeding times and no spontaneous bleeding. The initial adhesion of platelets at sites of injury is not affected, but the subsequent formation and stabilization of 3-dimensional thrombi is impaired severely.

Schmeidler-Sapiro et al (1991) have reported that Factor XII is a growth factor for human hepatoma cells (HepG2). Gordon et al (1996) have tested a number of cells that are sensitive to EGF. They have reported that Factor XII acts as a growth factor for fetal hepatocytes, endothelial cells, alveolar type 2 pneumocytes, and aortic smooth muscle cells. Mitogenic responses are inhibited by tyrphostin, an antagonist of growth factor receptor and tyrosine kinases. Factor XII activates a signal transduction pathway through an unknown receptor.

LAST MODIFIED: December 2008

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