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smooth muscle cells

Common abbreviations:

HUASMC [human umbilical artery smooth muscle cells]
SMC [smooth muscle cells]
VSMC [vascular smooth muscle cells, venous smooth muscle cells]

Smooth muscle cells are highly specialized multifunctional contractile cells (myocytes, vascular myocytes) that regulate the lumen of hollow organs transiently (reversible contraction), or chronically (due to fibrosis and muscle hypertrophy). Myointimal cells are smooth muscle cell found in the intima of an artery. Myoepithelial cells, called also basket cells, are a kind of contractile smooth muscle cells found around certain secretary glands (salivary, mammary, sweat, and lacrimal glands and thought to assist in secretion from these glands. Tunica media cells are smooth muscle cells of blood vessels.

Smooth muscle cells play an important role in vasculogenesis and shape the wall of blood vessels and maintain vascular tone. Cell death by apoptosis plays an important role in the maintenance of vascular homeostasis (McCarthy and Bennett, 2000). Vascular smooth muscle cells are a heterogeneous population of cells. Their morphologies and functions in veins and arteries and even within the same blood vessel may differ considerably (Schwartz, 1997, 1999; Adams et al, 2000).

Under certain pathological conditions (e. g., in atherosclerotic and restenotic arteries) smooth muscle cells change from the quiescent contractile phenotype to the proliferative synthetic phenotype. The contractile-to-synthetic phenotype switch, which is characteristic for mature smooth muscle cells from vascular and visceral organs, is being referred to as modulation (Chamley-Campbell, 1979). The term maturation refers to the reversion of primary cultured cells to a contractile phenotype. It can observed when cells reach confluence and can be induced also by serum withdrawal or treatment with mitogens.

The capacity for contraction, migration, proliferation, synthesis of extracellular matrix components, and secretion of growth factors and cytokines is retained throughout the life span olf these cells. The cells can undergo relatively rapid and reversible changes from one to the other phenotype in response to cytokines, growth factors, hormones, other substances, as well as mechanical and osmotic influences or hypoxia (Halayko and Solway, 2001; Owens, 1995; Sobue et al, 1998). Individual smooth muscle cells are usually very heterogeneous with respect to their morphology and bioactivities and the two phenotypes mentioned are usually considered to be the extreme forms of a continuum of coexisting structural and functional states (Shanahan and Weissberg, 1998). Activated cells are targets of cytokines, growth factors, hormones, other substances, as well as mechanical and osmotic influences or hypoxia, all of which lead to the expression of genes and synthesis of multiple molecules not normally expressed by these cells in their quiescent, contractile state (Berk, 2001; Rivard and Andres, 2000; Williams, 1998, Shanahan and Weissberg, 1998; Shaw and Xu, 2003).

Beauchamp et al (2003) have studied cultured human vascular smooth muscle cells and compared resting cells with cells after cell activation by an atherogenic stimulus. They have reported the identification of more than 150 genes, the expression of which is either induced or repressed. de Vries et al (2000) have identified 40 genes that show altered expression in activated human smooth muscle cells. These genes have been designated SMAG [smooth muscle activation specific genes].

Studies in vitro and in vivo have demonstrated that smooth muscle cells have the capacity to express, and respond to, many different bioactive mediators, which may be engaged in autocrine, paracrine, or endocrine interactions that can affect many other cell types. Expression of most of these mediators is subject to modulation by cytokines, growth factors, hormones, dietary and disease conditions, or biophysical influences. The following list of mediators makes no distinction between cells from different anatomical locations or species but it should be pointed out that such cells can differ widely from one another with respect to the factors they express and repond to.

Smooth muscle cells have been shown to possess the capacity to express the proteins listed below. Please note the following general observation: expression may be influenced by tissue localization, may occur only in discrete subpopulations of cells, may vary between established cell lines, primary cells, embryonic cells, mature cells, fully differentiated cells, activated cells, non-activated cells or growth conditions (confluent vs. sparse cultures), may be influenced by various disease states (including cancer environment), and may differ between species.
Note also: expression profile information lists entities only for which there is an entry in COPE or one of its subdictionaries.

The meaning of • and •• is as follows: • factor/protein is expressed; •• receptor (or, in some instances, binding sites) for this factor/protein is expressed. For further explanations concerning format, "hidden" information, and/or ambiguities see my remarks in the entry cell types.

• 14-3-3-beta (YWHAB, Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase/Tryptophan 5-Monooxygenase Activation Protein-beta, 14-3-3-alpha, KCIP-1, protein kinase C inhibitor protein-1) (Ellis et al, 2003)
• 14-3-3-gamma (YWHAG, Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase/Tryptophan 5-Monooxygenase Activation Protein-gamma) (Autieri, 2004)

• AAC-11 (anti-apoptosis clone 11, API5, Apoptosis inhibitor 5, FIF, Fibroblast growth factor-2 interacting factor, FGF-2 interacting factor, API5L1, API5-like-1) (Lu and Ramos, 1998)
• AAMP (Angio-associated migratory cell protein) (Blindt et al, 2002)
• Activin A (EDF, erythroid differentiation factor, FRP, Follicle stimulating hormone releasing protein, Restrictin-P, WEHI-MIF, WEHI mesoderm inducing factor, INHA, inhibin-alpha, Inhibin-beta-A, INHBA) (Pawlowski et al, 1997; Kanzaki et al, 1995)
•• Activin A (EDF, erythroid differentiation factor, FRP, Follicle stimulating hormone releasing protein, Restrictin-P, WEHI-MIF, WEHI mesoderm inducing factor, INHA, inhibin-alpha, Inhibin-beta-A, INHBA) receptors (Engelse et al, 1999; Riedy et al, 1999; Cho et al, 2003; Agrotis et al, 1996)
• ADAM17 (disintegrin and metalloprotease domain 17, TACE, TNF-alpha converting enzyme, TACA, TNF-alpha converting activity, TNF-alpha convertase, TNF-alpha sheddase, cSVP, cellular snake venom-like protease, CD156b)
• ADAM33 (disintegrin and metalloprotease domain 33) (Garlisi et al, 2003)
• ADAMTS1 (Disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motif-1, METH-1) (Jönsson-Rylander AC et al, 2005)
• ADAMTS5 (Disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motif-5, aggrecanase-2, implantin) (McCulloch et al, 2009; Vendrov et al, 2006)
• ADAMTS7 (Disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motif-7) (Wang L et al, 2009)
• ADAMTSL3 (ADAMTS-like-3, Punctin-2) (Koo et al, 2007)
• adiponectin (Adpn, Apn, ACDC, adiponectin, C1q and collagen domain containing, ADIPOQ, apM1, adipose Most abundant gene transcript-1, GBP-28, gelatin-binding protein of 28 kDa, adipocyte complement related protein of 30 kDa, Acrp30, adipocyte-specific secretory protein) receptors (Yamamoto et al, 2008; Shin et al, 2008)
• Adrenomedullin (ADM, AM) (Minamino et al, 1995; Kohno et al, 1995; Pan et al, 2004; Shichiri et al, 2003; Upton et al, 2001; Iwasaki et al, 1998; Upton et al, 2001; Tomoda et al, 2001; Sugo et al, 2001; Hofbauer et al, 2002; Nagoshi et al, 2004; Ishikawa et al, 2004)
•• Adrenomedullin (ADM, AM) receptors (see also: RAMP-1, RAMP-2, CRLR) (Nagoshi et al, 2004; Pan et al, 2004; Qui et al, 2003; Shichiri et al, 2003; Kamitani et al, 1999; Huang et al, 2003; Uemura et al, 2002; Iwasaki et al, 1998; Fukai et al, 2003; Antoine et al, 2005)
•• aFGF (acidic fibroblast growth factor, FGF-1, Fibroblast growth factor-1, FGF-alpha, Fibroblast growth factor-alpha, HBGF-1, heparin binding growth factor-1, Endothelial cell growth factor-alpha) receptors (Ye et al, 1997; Sugo et al, 2001)
• AIF-1 (Allograft inflammatory factor-1, daintain, MRF-1, microglial response factor-1, IBA-1, ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule-1, IRT-1, interferon response transcript 1) (Autieri et al, 2001)
• Albumin (LGF, liver growth factor) (Wu-Wong JR et al, 2007)
• ALK2 (Activin receptor-like kinase 2) (Agrotis et al, 1996)
• ALK3 (Activin receptor-like kinase 3, BMPR1A, bone morphogenetic protein receptor type IA, CD292) (Agrotis et al, 1996)
• ALK5 (Activin receptor-like kinase 5) (Agrotis et al, 1996, 2000)
• ALK6 (Activin receptor-like kinase 6, BMPR1B, bone morphogenetic protein receptor type IB) (Agrotis et al, 1996; Takeda et al, 2004)
• Alpha-2-Macroglobulin (Alpha-2MG, Alpha-2M, A2M) (Huang et al, 1998)
•• Alpha-2-Macroglobulin (Alpha-2MG, Alpha-2M, A2M) receptors (CD91) (Webb et al, 1995; Moestrup et al, 1992; Lupu et al, 1994)
•• amphiregulin (AR, AMR, AREG, CRDGF, colorectum cell-derived growth factor, KAF, keratinocyte-derived autocrine factor, SDGF, schwannoma-derived growth factor) receptors (Shin et al, 2003)
• ANF (Atrial natriuretic factor, natriuretic peptide, atrionatriuretic factor, Alpha-ANP, Atrial natriuretic polypeptide, ANP, Atrial polypeptide, Atriopeptin, cardionatrin, cardionatrin I, NPPA) receptors (NPR-C, ANP clearance receptor) (Sun et al, 2001; Sharma et al, 2002; Mouawad et al, 2004; Baldini et al, 2002; Vendrov et al, 2006)
• angiogenin (Angiogenin-1, Ang, Ang-1, RNASE5, ribonuclease A family 5, pancreatic ribonuclease, RNASE1, RNASE1, DIP, degranulation inhibitory protein) (Moenner et al, 1994)
•• angiogenin (Angiogenin-1, Ang, Ang-1, RNASE5, ribonuclease A family 5, pancreatic ribonuclease, RNASE1, RNASE1, DIP, degranulation inhibitory protein) receptors (Hatzi et al, 1999, 2000; Xu et al, 2001; Heath et al, 1989)
• angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1, ANGPT1) (Richard et al, 2003; Nishishita and Lin, 2004; Torimura et al, 2004)
•• angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1, ANGPT1) receptors (TIE-2, TEK, tunica endothelial kinase, tunica interna endothelial cell kinase, CD202, CD202B) (Iivanainen et al, 2003; Nishishita and Lin, 2004; Torimura et al, 2004)
• angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2, ANGPT2) (Torimura et al, 2004)
• angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2, ANGPT2) receptors (TIE-2, TEK, tunica endothelial kinase, tunica interna endothelial cell kinase, CD202, CD202B) (Torimura et al, 2004)
•• angiostatin (Angiostatin K1-4, plasminogen kringles 1-4, PK1-4, AST-1, angiostatin-1, AST-2, angiostatin-2) receptors (Wajih et al, 2003)
• angiotensin-2 (Hu et al, 2002, 2003)
•• angiotensin-2 receptors (Funakoshi et al, 2001; Kintsurashvili et al, 2001; Sugo et al, 1995; Martin et al, 2001; Skaletz-Rorowski et al, 2004; Tan et al, 2004; Wang et al, 2005; Doan et al, 2004; Qin et al, 2004; Sugo et al, 2001; Stoll et al, 1995; Alagappan et al, 2007; Bafford et al, 2006; Castoldi et al, 2007; Souza et al, 2009; Castoldi et al, 2005; Peng et al, 2007; Ji et al, 2009)
• Annexin-1 (Annexin A1, ANX1, ANXA1, lipocortin-1, LPC1, LCT1, LC1, Lipo1, macrocortin, renocortin, lipomodulin, GIF, glycosylation inhibiting factor, CB9, chromobindin-9, calpactin-2) (Callera et al, 2009; Eberhard et al, 1994; Touyz et al, 2006; Pirola et al, 1993)
• Apelin (APJ receptor ligand, APJ endogenous ligand) (Kasai et al, 2004; Eyries et al, 2008)
• Artemin (ART, ARTN, Neublastin, Enovin) (Ceyhan et al, 2007; Damon et al, 2007; Honma et al, 2002)
•• Artemin (ART, ARTN, Neublastin, Enovin) receptors (Ceyhan et al, 2007)

• basigin (BSG, CD147, EMMPRIN, extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer, 5A11, CE-9, Collagenase stimulatory factor, gp42, HT7, M6, neurothelin, Oka blood group antigen, OX47) (Haug et al, 2004; Yang H et al, 2005; Chen et al, 2009)
• BDNF (Brain-derived neurotrophic factor) (Nemoto et al, 1998; Donovan et al, 1997; Morikawa et al, 2004)
•• BDNF (Brain-derived neurotrophic factor) receptors (Donovan et al, 1997)
• Betacellulin (BTC, Bcn) receptors (Shin et al, 2003; Yamanaka et al, 2001; Shing et al, 1993)
• Beta-IG-H3 (TGF-beta-inducible gene H3, BIGH3, TGFBI, transforming growth factor-beta-induced 68 kDa protein, TGF-beta-induced 68 kDa protein, Kerato-epithelin, ODM-42-I, RGD-CAP, RGD-containing collagen-associated protein) (Ha et al, 2003; Billings et al, 2000)
• bFGF (basic fibroblast growth factor, FGF-2, Fibroblast growth factor-2, FGF-beta, Fibroblast growth factor-beta, HBGF-2, heparin binding growth factor-2) (Crowley et al, 1995; Cucina et al, 2002; Heydarkhan-Hagvall et al, 2003; Skaletz-Rorowski et al, 2004; Wang et al, 2005; Cucina et al, 2006; Antoine et al, 2005)
•• bFGF (basic fibroblast growth factor, FGF-2, Fibroblast growth factor-2, FGF-beta, Fibroblast growth factor-beta, HBGF-2, heparin binding growth factor-2) receptors (Agrotis et al, 2004; Chen et al, 1998; Richard et al, 2004; Skaletz-Rorowski et al, 2004; Heydarkhan-Hagvall et al, 2003; Inaba et al, 1995; Pickering et al, 1997; Sugo et al, 2001; Rauch et al, 2007; Wen et al, 2002; Birker-Robaczewska et al, 2008; Liu W et al, 2005)
• B-fibronectin (Borsi et al, 1992)
• BMP receptors (Agrotis et al, 1996; Takeda et al, 2004; Sheares et al, 2004; Zhang et al, 2003; Wong et al, 2003; Morrell et al, 2001)
• BMP1 (bone morphogenetic protein-1, procollagen C-proteinase, EC3.4.24.19) (Zhang et al, 2003)
• BMP2 (bone morphogenetic protein-2, bone morphogenetic protein-2A, BMP2A, BMP2-alpha) (Zhang et al, 2003; Willette et al, 1999; Adam et al, 2004; Morikawa et al, 2004)
• BMP3 (bone morphogenetic protein-2, osteogenin) (Zhang et al, 2003)
• BMP4 (bone morphogenetic protein-4, bone morphogenetic protein-2B, BMP2B, DVR-4, decapentaplegic-Vg-related-4, BIP, bone-inducing protein) (Zhang et al, 2003; Panizo et al, 2009; Vendrov et al, 2006; Wu-Wong JR et al, 2007)
•• BMP4 (bone morphogenetic protein-4, bone morphogenetic protein-2B, BMP2B, DVR-4, decapentaplegic-Vg-related-4, BIP, bone-inducing protein) receptors (Yang et al, 2008; Upton et al, 2008)
• BMP5 (bone morphogenetic protein-5, short ear, se) (Zhang et al, 2003; Morikawa et al, 2004)
• BMP6 (DVR-6, decapentaplegic-Vg-related-6, Vgr-1, vegetal-specific-related-1) (Zhang et al, 2003; Schluesener and Meyermann, 1995)
•• BMP6 (DVR-6, decapentaplegic-Vg-related-6, Vgr-1, vegetal-specific-related-1) receptors (Upton et al, 2008)
•• BMP7 (bone morphogenetic protein-7, OP-1, osteogenic protein-1, Eptotermin alfa, Osigraft) receptors (Upton et al, 2008)
• BOK (BCL2-related ovarian killer, BCL2L9, BCL2-like-9, Mtd, matador) (Vendrov et al, 2006)
•• Bombesin (BN, BSS, GRP, gastrin releasing peptide, gastrin releasing hormone, Mammalian Bombesin, BLP, Bombesin-like peptide) receptors (Bitar et al, 1996; Sbrissa et al, 1997)
•• bradykinin (BK, BDK, BKN, Bradykinin(1-9), BK[1-9], Alpha-2-thiol proteinase inhibitor, Fitzgerald factor, Flaujeac factor, HMWK, HMWKa, High molecular weight kininogen, HMWK-kallikrein factor, KNG, KNG1, Kininogen, Kininogen-1, LMWK, Low molecular weight kininogen, Williams factor, Williams-Fitzgerald-Flaujeac factor) receptors (Angers et al, 2005; Callera et al, 2009; Dixon et al, 1996, 2002; Dixon and Dennis, 1997; Douillet et al, 2000; El-Haroun et al, 2004, 2008; Figueroa et al, 2001; Huang et al, 2003; Ignjacev-Lazich et al, 2005; Kim et al, 2005; Kintsurashvili et al, 2001; Knox et al, 2001; Lagneux et al, 2001; Moreau et al, 2006; Morissette et al, 2006; Pirola et al, 1993; Riad et al, 2008; Rodriguez et al, 2006; Schaeffer et al, 2001; Schmidlin et al, 1998; Smith et al, 2007; Sugo et al, 1995; Yang et al, 2004; Zaczynska et al, 2003; Zhao et al, 2007; Zhu et al, 2003)

• C1 inhibitor (C1INH, Serpin G1) (Yu et al, 2003)
• cadherin-13 (CDH13, CDHH, T-cadherin, T-cad, truncated cadherin, H-cadherin, heart cadherin, H/T-cadherin, T/H-cadherin, Tcad2, T-cadherin-2) (Tkachuk et al, 1998; Kuzmenko et al, 1998; Philippova et al, 1998; Stambolsky et al, 1999; Ivanov et al, 2001)
• Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CALC1, CALCA, Calcitonin gene-related polypeptide-alpha, alpha-CGRP, CGRP-alpha, beta-CGRP, CGRP-beta) (Ochiai et al, 2001)
•• Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CALC1, CALCA, Calcitonin gene-related polypeptide-alpha, alpha-CGRP, CGRP-alpha, beta-CGRP, CGRP-beta) receptors (Boyer et al, 1998; Qin et al, 2004; Schaeffer et al, 2003; Connat et al, 2001; Van Assche et al, 1999)
• calcitonin receptor-like receptor (Fukai et al, 2003; Makino et al, 2002; Kamitani et al, 2001)
• CAP-37 (Cationic antimicrobial protein-37, Neutrophil-derived Heparin binding protein, HBP, heparin binding protein, Azurocidin) (Gonzales et al, 2004)
• cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1, CTF1) (Zhou et al, 2003; Lee et al, 2007)
•• cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1, CTF1) receptors (McWhinnie et al, 2007)
• Caspase-8 (CASP8, CAP4, cytotoxicity-dependent APO-1-associated protein 4, MACH, MORT-associated CED3 homolog, FLICE, FADD-like interleukin-1 beta-converting enzyme, MCH5, mammalian CED3 homolog-5) (de Vries et al, 2000)
• cathepsin L (CTSL, CAL, CATL, MEP, major excreted protein, IL8 converting enzyme, CP-2, cycling protein-2, PTP, prohormone thiol convertase) (Chen et al, 2001; Liu et al, 2006; Chen J et al, 2001)
• caveolin-1 (CAV1, caveolae protein 1, Caveolin, CAV, caveolae protein 22 kDa, Alpha-Caveolin, beta-Caveolin, VIP21, Vesicular Integral-membrane Protein of 21 kDa, VIP21/caveolin) (Batetta et al, 2001; Watanabe et al, 2004; Zhu et al, 2004; Wertz and Bauer, 2008)
•• CCL1 (CC chemokine ligand 1, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 1, SCYA1, I-309, TCA-3, T-cell activation-3, P500, SIS-epsilon) receptors (Luo et al, 1996)
• CCL2 (CC chemokine ligand 2, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2, GDCF, Glioma-derived monocyte chemotactic factor-2, GDCF-2, HC11, JE, LDCF, MCAF, MCP, monocyte chemoattractant protein, MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, SMC-CF, smooth muscle cell chemotactic factor, TDCF, tumor-derived chemotactic factors, TSG-8, tumor necrosis factor-stimulated gene sequence-8, SCYA2) (Klouche et al, 1999; Pype et al, 1999; Jordan et al, 1997; Wuyts et al, 2003; Dwarakanath et al, 2004; Funakoshi et al, 2001; Brandes et al, 2001; Schaub et al, 2000; Schober et al, 2004; Fries et al, 2005; Bogdanov et al, 1998; Poon et al, 1996; Lee et al, 2006; Dragomir et al, 2008; Xing et al, 2007)
• CCL3 (CC chemokine ligand 3, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 3, MIP-1-alpha, macrophage inflammatory protein-1-alpha, 464.1, GOS-19-1, L2G25B, LD78, LD78-alpha, SCI, stem cell inhibition factor, stem cell inhibitor, TY5, SCYA3, SCYA3L1) (Stojakovic et al, 2007)
• CCL4 (CC chemokine ligand 4, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4, SCYA4, ACT-2, Immune activation gene-2, 744.1, G26, H400, HC21, Cytokine 21, human, LAG-1, lymphocyte activation gene-1, MIP-1-beta, macrophage inflammatory protein-1-beta, SIS-gamma) (Schecter et al, 2000)
• CCL5 (CC chemokine ligand 5, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5, RANTES, EoCP-1, Eosinophil chemotactic polypeptide-1, SIS-delta, TCP228, T-cell-specific protein p228, SCYA5) (Oltmanns et al, 2003; Pype et al, 1999; Jordan et al, 1997; Hohn et al, 1997; Stojakovic et al, 2007; Krohn et al, 2007; Odaka et al, 2007; Niimi et al, 2007)
• CCL7 (CC chemokine ligand 7, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 7, SCYA7, MCP-3, monocyte chemoattractant protein-3, FIC, Fibroblast-inducible cytokine, NC28, MARC, mast cell activation-related chemokine) (Pype et al, 1999; Wuyts et al, 2003; Wang et al, 2000)
• CCL8 (CC chemokine ligand 8, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 8, SCYA8, MCP-2, monocyte monocyte chemoattractant protein-2, HC14, Cytokine 14, human) (Pype et al, 1999; Stojakovic et al, 2007)
• CCL11 (CC chemokine ligand 11, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 11, SCYA11, Eotaxin, Eotaxin-1) (Hirst et al, 2002; Moore et al, 2002; Gounni et al, 2004; Zuyderduyn et al, 2004; Wuyts et al, 2003; Odaka et al, 2007; Niimi et al, 2007; Saleh et al, 2009)
• CCL13 (CC chemokine ligand 13, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 13, MCP-4, Monocyte chemotactic protein-4, NCC1, new CC chemokine-1, Ck-beta-10, Chemokine-beta-10, SCYL1, SCYA13) (Odaka et al, 2007)
• CCL17 (CC chemokine ligand 17, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 17, SCYA17, TARC, Thymus and Activation Regulated Chemokine, ABCD-2) (Faffe et al, 2003)
• CCL20 (CC chemokine ligand 20, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20, SCYA20, LARC, Liver and Activation Regulated Chemokine, Exodus, Exodus-1, MIP-3-alpha, macrophage inflammatory protein-3-alpha, Ck-beta-4, Chemokine-beta-4, ST38) (Stojakovic et al, 2007)
• CCL26 (CC chemokine ligand 26, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 26, Eotaxin-3, IMAC, MIP-4-alpha, macrophage inflammatory protein-4-alpha, TSC-1, thymic stroma chemokine-1, SCYA26) (Zuyderduyn et al, 2004; Odaka et al, 2007)
• CCR1 (CC-Chemokine receptor 1, RANTES receptor, MIP-1-alpha receptor, LD78 receptor, CC-CKR1, HM145, YT4, CD191, CMKBR1, chemokine-beta receptor 1) (Hayes et al, 1998)
• CCR2 (CC-Chemokine receptor 2, CC-CKR2A, CCR2A, CC-CKR2B, CCR2B, MCP-1 receptor A, MCP-1 receptor B, CMKBR2, chemokine-beta receptor 2, CD192) (Hayes et al, 1998)
• CCR5 (CC-Chemokine receptor 5, CC-CKR5, CMKBR5, ChemR13, CD195) (Schecter et al, 2000)
• CCR7 (CC-Chemokine receptor 7, EBI-1, EBV induced gene-1, blr-2, CMKBR7, Burkitt lymphoma receptor-2, CD197) (Stojakovic et al, 2007)
• CD9 (602-29 antigen, ALB6 antigen, BA2, BTCC-1, DRAP-27, Diphtheria toxin receptor associated protein 27 kDa, GIG2, MIC3, MRP-1, Motility-related protein-1, NCA, neural cell surface antigen, p24, SH-9, TSPAN29, tetraspanin 29) (Scherberich et al, 1998)
• CD10 (CALLA, common acute lymphocytic leukemia antigen; common ALL antigen, endopeptidase 24.11, enkephalinase, gp100, J5, MME, membrane metalloendopeptidase, NEP, neutral endopeptidase, EC3.4.24.11, neprilysin, neutral endopeptidase, neutral endopeptidase 24.11) (CALLA, endopeptidase 24.11, enkephalinase, J5, MME, NEP, neprilysin, neutral endopeptidase) (Gonzalez et al, 1998, 1999)
• CD11c (CR4, complement receptor-4, iC3b receptor, ITGAX, integrin-alpha-X, Leu M5, myeloid membrane antigen, OX42, p150,95) (Pulamsetti et al, 2005)
• CD14 (endotoxin receptor, Leu M3, LPS-R, Mo2, MY4, myeloid cell-specific leucine-rich glycoprotein) (Stoll et al, 2004; Wu-Wong JR et al, 2007)
• CD16 (hFcRIII, Fc-gamma R3, FCGR3A, FCGR3, Neutrophil antigen NA, HNA1, human neutrophil antigen 1, Leu11, VEP13, B73.1, 31D8, N901) (Hakkinen et al, 2001)
• CD19 (B4, Leu12) (Vendrov et al, 2006)
• CD24 (CD24a, 30F1, B2A2, BA-1, HIS50, HSA, heat stable antigen, J11d, JIId, Ly52, M1/69, Nectadrin, LR-1, SCLC surface antigen Cluster-4, CL-4) (Morikawa et al, 2004)
• CD29 (FNRB, fibronectin receptor beta subunit, ITGB1, integrin-beta-1, platelet protein GPIIa, VLA-beta, very late activation antigen-beta, VLA-beta-1, VLA-4 beta subunit) (Scherberich et al, 1998;Vendrov et al, 2006)
• CD36 (collagen type 1 receptor, FAT, fatty acid translocase, glycoprotein 3b, GP4, platelet glycoprotein 4, GPIIIb, Naka blood group antigen, OKM5, PAS-4 protein, periodic acid/Schiff-positive protein 4, PASIV, periodic acid/Schiff-positive band 4, platelet collagen receptor, thrombospondin receptor, UA009) (Matsumoto et al, 2000; Ricciarelli et al, 2000; Zingg et al, 2002)
• CD38 (ADP-ribosyl cyclase, ADP-ribosyl cyclase-1, cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase, ecto-NAD+ glycohydrolase, Ecto-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide glycohydrolase, EC3.2.2.5, Leu17, T10) (Bruzzone et al, 2004)
• CD39 (apyrase, ATPDase, ATP diphosphohydrolase, EC3.6.1.5, Ecto-Apyrase, Ecto-ATPase, ENTPD1, ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1, NTPDase-1, vascular ATP diphosphohydrolase) (Deshpande et al, 2004; Behdad et al, 2009)
• CD40 (Bp50, TNFRSF5, TNF receptor superfamily member 5) (Bruemmer et al, 2001; Hakkinen et al, 2001; Hermann et al, 2002; Horton et al, 2001; Schonbeck et al, 1997; Krzesz et al, 1999; Schonbeck et al, 2000; Mulhaupt et al, 2003; Stojakovic et al, 2007; Souza et al, 2009)
• CD40 ligand (CD40L, CD40LG, TRAP, TNF-related activation protein, CD154, 5c8, gp39, Ly62, T-BAM, IMD3, TNFSF5, TNF ligand superfamily member 5) (Hakkinen et al, 2001; Mach et al, 1997; Yang et al, 2005)
• CD44 (CD44H, AnWj blood group antigen, ECMR-3, extracellular matrix receptor-3, HCAM, homing-associated cell adhesion molecule, Hermes-1, Hermes antigen, HUTCH-1, Indian blood group antigen, In blood group antigen, Ly24, MC56, MDU2, MDU3, MIC4, MUC 2-63, OX49, PGP1, PGP1.1, phagocytic glycoprotein-1) (Foster et al, 2000; Hurt-Camejo et al, 1999; Travis et al, 2001; Vendrov et al, 2006; Murray et al, 1995)
• CD47 (1D8, B6H12, BRIC 126, IAP, integrin-associated protein, integrin-associated signal transducer, MER6, OA3, ovarian carcinoma antigen 3, OVTL3) (Wang et al, 1998)
• CD49b (Br alloantigen, DX5, ECMR-2, extracellular matrix receptor-2, GPIa, HPA-5, human platelet antigen-5, ITGA2, integrin-alpha-2, platelet glycoprotein Ia/IIa, VLA-2, very late activation antigen 2, VLAA2, VLA2 receptor alpha 2 subunit, Zav alloantigen) (Scherberich et al, 1998)
• CD49c (CSAT antigen band 2 protein, FRP-2, fusion regulatory protein-2, GAP-B3, galactoprotein B3, ITGA3, integrin-alpha-3, MSK18, VLA-3, very late activation antigen 3, VLAA3, VLA-3 receptor alpha 3 subunit) (Scherberich et al, 1998)
• CD49d (ITGA4, integrin-alpha-4, VLA-4, very late activation antigen 4, VLAA4, VLA4 receptor alpha 4 subunit) (Zeiffer et al, 2004)
• CD49e (fibronectin receptor alpha chain, FNRA, ITGA5, integrin-alpha-5, VLA-5, very late activation antigen 5, VLA-5-alpha) (Scherberich et al, 1998; Vendrov et al, 2006)
• CD54 (7F7, BB2, human rhinovirus receptor, ICAM-1, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, IFN-gamma regulated human melanoma-associated antigen, Ly47, MALA-2, Me14-D12, P3.58) (Bishop-Bailey et al, 1998; Chung et al, 2002; Lawson et al, 2001; Rolfe et al, 2000; Gerdes et al, 2002; Klouche et al, 1999; Shi and Sarna, 2005; Leung, 1999; Murray et al, 1995)
• CD55 (CD55a, CD55b, complement decay-accelerating factor, decay-accelerating factor, DAF, DAF-GPI, DAF-TM, GPI-DAF, TM-DAF, DAF1, decay-accelerating factor 1, DAF2, decay-accelerating factor 2, Cromer blood group antigen) (Li et al, 1999)
• CD58 (LFA-3, lymphocyte function-associated antigen-3, T11TS, T11 target structure) (Murray et al, 1995)
• CD59 (protectin, MIC11, MIN1, MIN2, MIN3, MSK21, HRF20, homologous restriction factor-20 kDa, MACIF, membrane attack complex inhibitory factor, MAC-IP, MAC-inhibitory protein, H19, MIRL, membrane inhibitor of reactive lysis, P18, 1F5, 16.3A5, BRIC 229, YTH 53.1) (Li et al, 1999; Murray et al, 1995)
• CD62E (ELAM, ELAM-1, endothelium leukocyte adhesion molecule 1, ESEL, E-selectin, selectin-E, SELE, GMP-140, GRMP, granulocyte membrane protein, LECAM-2, leukocyte adhesion molecule 2, platelet alpha-granule membrane protein) (Stojakovic et al, 2007)
• CD62P (GMP-140, granule membrane protein 140 kDa, GRMP, LECAM-3, leukocyte-endothelial adhesion molecule 3, PADGEM, platelet activation dependent granule-external membrane protein, PSEL, P-selectin, selectin-P, SELP) (Zeiffer et al, 2004; Feng et al, 1999)
• CD71 (transferrin receptor, TFR, TFR1, TRFR, TFRC, OKT9, T9, OX26) (Vendrov et al, 2006)
• CD81 (2F7, 5A6, S5.7, TAPA-1, target of antiproliferative antibody 1, TSPAN28, tetraspanin 28) (Scherberich et al, 1998)
• CD95 (FAS, APO-1, apoptosis antigen-1, APT1, TNFRSF6, TNF receptor superfamily member 6, FASTM, FASL receptor) (Sata et al, 2000; Stojakovic et al, 2007)
• CD105 (E9 protein, endoglin, HHT1, hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia type 1, ORW, Osler-Rendu-Weber syndrome, ORW1, SH-2) (Conley et al, 2000)
• CD106 (alpha-4-beta-1 ligand, INCAM-110, inducible cellular adhesion molecule 110 kDa, VCAM-1, vascular cellular adhesion molecule 1) (Chen J et al, 2001; Banning et al, 2004; Wang et al, 2005; Sai et al, 2001; Bishop-Bailey et al, 1998; Heo et al, 2008; Yogi et al, 2009; Lee et al, 2006)
• CD141 (thrombomodulin, TM, THBD, THRM, Alpha-Thrombomodulin, Beta-Thrombomodulin, fetomodulin, FM) (Feng et al, 1999; Helenius et al, 2008; Lo et al, 2009; Morikawa et al, 2004; Rabausch et al, 2005; Sajid et al, 2000; Soff et al, 1991; Wu-Wong JR et al, 2007; Yoshii et al, 2003)
• CD146 (A32, BT14, L101, gp130 antigen, MCAM, Melanoma cell adhesion molecule, MelCAM, melanoma adhesion molecule, MUC18, P1H12, S-endo 1, Gicerin, 1-gicerin, s-gicerin) (Middleton et al, 2005; Wu-Wong JR et al, 2007)
• CD164 (endolyn, endolyn-78, MGC-24, multiglycosylated core protein-24, MGC-24v, MUC-24) (Chen J et al, 2001)
• CD201 (APC receptor, Activated protein C receptor, CCCA, cell cycle centrosome associated protein, CCD41, EPC-R, endothelial protein C receptor, PROCR, protein C receptor) (Bretschneider et al, 2007)
• CD252 (CD134 ligand, CD134L, gp34, OX40 ligand, OX40L, TNFSF4, TNF ligand superfamily member 4, TXGP1, tax-transcriptionally activated glycoprotein 1) (Burgess et al, 2004)
• ceruloplasmin (Cp, ferroxidase, Fe(II) - oxygen oxidoreductase, iron (II) - oxygen oxidoreductase, EC1.16.3.1, Ran-2 antigen, rat neural antigen-2, PACAP 1-38-binding factor, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide1-38-binding factor) (Chen et al, 2001; Wu-Wong JR et al, 2007)
• CFLAR (Caspase-8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulator, CASH, caspase homolog, Casper, caspase eight-related protein, Caspase-8 related protein, CLARP, caspase-like apoptosis-regulatory protein, FLAME-1, FADD-like anti-apoptotic molecule-1, c-FLIP, FLIP, FLICE-inhibitory proteins, I-FLICE, Inhibitor of FLICE, MRIT, Mach-Related Inducer of Toxicity, Usurpin) (de Vries et al, 2000; Wang et al, 2002)
•• cholecystokinin (CCK, pancreozymin) receptors (Wang and Sims, 1998; Patterson et al, 2001)
• Clusterin (CLU, dimeric acidic glycoprotein, DAG protein, testosterone repressed prostate message-2, TRPM-2, sulfated glycoprotein-2, SGP-2, complement-associated protein SP-40,40, SP-40,40, complement lysis inhibitor, CLI, Apolipoprotein J) (Miyata et al, 2001)
• CNTF (Ciliary neuronotrophic factor, ciliary neurotrophic factor, MANS, membrane-associated neurotransmitter stimulating factor) (Lee et al, 2007)
• collagen type 15 (Collagen-15, COL15A1, collagen-15-alpha-1, Restin, Restin-1, Restin-2, Restin-3, Restin-4) (Wu-Wong JR et al, 2007)
• complement factor C3 (ECI, Eosinophil cytotoxicity inhibitor, C3-beta-c, complement factor C3b, ETF-3, embryotrophic factor-3, HSE-MSF, hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cell-derived migration stimulating factor) (Li et al, 1999)
• complement factor C5 (Li et al, 1999)
• complement factor C9 (Li et al, 1999)
•• Corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH, CRF, Corticotropin releasing factor, Corticoliberin) receptors (Kageyama et al, 2003; Saruta et al, 2005)
• CRIM1 (cysteine-rich BMP regulator-1, cysteine-rich motor neuron protein 1) (Pennisi et al, 2007)
• CRP (C-reactive protein, PCBP, phosphorylcholine-binding protein) (Kang et al, 2005; Inoue et al, 2007; Kuji et al, 2007; Jabs et al, 2003; Peng et al, 2007)
•• CRP (C-reactive protein, PCBP, phosphorylcholine-binding protein) receptors (Wu et al, 2008; Wang et al, 2003; Hattory et al, 2003; Ryu et al, 2007; Ikeda et al, 2003; Doronzo et al, 2005; Nagoshi et al, 2004; Blaschke et al, 2004; Cirillo et al, 2005)
• CTGF (Connective tissue growth factor, Hcs24, hypertrophic chondrocyte-specific gene product 24, Fisp-12, fibroblast inducible secreted protein-12, IGFBP8, Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-8, IGFBPrP2, Insulin-like growth factor binding protein related protein-2, Ecogenin, endochondral ossification genetic factor, CCN2) (Chowdhury and Chaqour, 2004; Xie et al, 2004; Villacorta et al, 2003; Fan et al, 2002; Burgess et al, 2003; Liu et al, 2007; Vendrov et al, 2006; Morikawa et al, 2004)
•• CTGF (Connective tissue growth factor, Hcs24, hypertrophic chondrocyte-specific gene product 24, Fisp-12, fibroblast inducible secreted protein-12, IGFBP8, Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-8, IGFBPrP2, Insulin-like growth factor binding protein related protein-2, Ecogenin, endochondral ossification genetic factor, CCN2) receptors (Hishikawa et al, 2000)
• CTHRC1 [Collagen triple helix repeat containing 1] (Pyagay et al, 2005)
• C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP, ANP-C, NPPC) (Mendonca et al, 2009)
•• C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP, ANP-C, NPPC) receptors (Boumati et al, 2002; (Huang et al, 2003)
• CX3CL1 (fractalkine, FKN, FK, CX3C membrane-anchored chemokine, C3Xkine, neurotactin, NTT, NTN, ABCD-3, SCYD1) (Sukkar et al, 2004; Zeiffer et al, 2004; Lucas et al, 2003; Ollivier et al, 2003; Chen et al, 2003; Ludwig et al, 2002; Stojakovic et al, 2007; Barlic et al, 2007; Lee et al, 2006; El-Shazly et al, 2006; Barlic et al, 2007; Dragomir et al, 2008)
•• CX3CL1 (fractalkine, FKN, FK, CX3C membrane-anchored chemokine, C3Xkine, neurotactin, NTT, NTN, ABCD-3, SCYD1) receptors (CX3CR1) (Lucas et al, 2003; Perros et al, 2007; Schäfer et al, 2007; Barlic et al, 2007)
• CXCL1 (CXC chemokine ligand 1, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1, SCYB1, CINC-1, Cytokine induced neutrophil chemoattractant-1, fsp, fibroblast secretory protein, GRO1, GRO-alpha, KC, MGSA, melanoma growth stimulatory activity, MGSA-alpha, melanoma growth stimulatory activity-alpha, NAP-3, neutrophil-activating protein-3, N51) (Zeiffer et al, 2004; Fries et al, 2005)
• CXCL2 (CXC chemokine ligand 2, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2, CINC-2-alpha, Cytokine induced neutrophil chemoattractant-2-alpha, GRO2, growth-related oncogene-2, GRO-beta, growth regulated oncogene-beta, MIP-2-alpha, macrophage inflammatory protein-2-alpha, MGSA-beta, melanoma growth stimulatory activity-beta, SCYB2) (Stojakovic et al, 2007)
• CXCL3 (CXC chemokine ligand 3, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 3, CINC-2-beta, Cytokine induced neutrophil chemoattractant-2-beta, DCIP-1, DC inflammatory protein-1, GRO3, GRO-gamma, growth regulated oncogene-gamma, growth-related oncogene-3, MGSA-gamma, melanoma growth stimulatory activity-gamma, MIP-2-beta, macrophage inflammatory protein-2-beta) (Stojakovic et al, 2007; Xing et al, 2007)
• CXCL10 (CXC chemokine ligand 10, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10, IP-10, INP-10, Interferon-inducible protein-10, IFN-inducible protein 10, immune protein-10; 10 kDa interferon-inducible protein, gamma-IP-10, CRG-2, cytokine responsive gene-2, C7, Ifi10, interferon-inducible-10, mob-1, SCYB10) (Odaka et al, 2007; Ji et al, 2009)
• CXCL12 (CXC chemokine ligand 12, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12, IRH, intercrine reduced in hepatomas, hIRH, intercrine reduced in hepatomas, SDF-1-alpha, SDF-1-beta, SDF, SDF-1, Stromal cell-derived factor, Stromal cell-derived factor-1-alpha, Stromal cell-derived factor-1-beta, PBSF, pre-B-cell growth stimulating factor, TLSF, Thymic lymphoma cell stimulating factor, Thymic lymphoma cell stimulating factor-alpha, Thymic lymphoma cell stimulating factor-beta, TLSF-alpha, TLSF-beta, TPAR-1, TPA repressed gene-1, SCYB12) (Zeiffer et al, 2004)
• CXCL16 (CXC chemokine ligand 16, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 16, SR-PSOX, scavenger receptor that binds phosphatidylserine and oxidized lipoprotein, SCYB16) (Wagsater et al, 2004)
• CXCR6 (CXC-Chemokine receptor 6, TYMSTR, T-lymphocyte-expressed seven-transmembrane domain receptor, Bonzo, STRL33, CD186) (Patel et al, 2006)
• Cyclophilin A (CYPA, CYPH, Cyclosporin A binding protein, PPIA, peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase A, peptidylprolyl isomerase A, PPIase A, Rotamase A, sp18, secreted protein 18 kDa) (Jin ZG et al, 2000; Suzuki et al, 2006)
•• Cyclophilin A (CYPA, CYPH, Cyclosporin A binding protein, PPIA, peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase A, peptidylprolyl isomerase A, PPIase A, Rotamase A, sp18, secreted protein 18 kDa) receptors (Jin ZG et al, 2000; Yang H et al, 2005;Satoh et al, 2008)
• cyclophilin B (CYPB, S-cyclophilin, CYP-S1, PPIB, peptidylprolyl isomerase B, Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase B, SCYLP, secreted cyclophilin-like protein) (Liao et al, 2000)

• dermokine (Dmkn) (Naso et al, 2007)
• dickkopf-3 (dickkopf-related protein 3, dkk-3, REIC, reduced expression in cancer) (Vendrov et al, 2006)

• ECE-1 (Endothelin-converting enzyme 1, ECE, Endothelin-converting enzyme) Ihling et al, 2001)
• EDIL3 (EGF-like repeats and discoidin I-like domains 3, Del-1, Developmental endothelial locus-1, Developmentally-regulated endothelial cell locus 1 protein) (Rezaee et al, 2002)
• EGF (epidermal growth factor, EGF-URO, HMGF, human milk growth factor, PGF, prostatic growth factor, beta-Urogastrone, URO, URG, Urogastrone, tooth-lid factor) (Crowley et al, 1995)
•• EGF (epidermal growth factor, EGF-URO, HMGF, human milk growth factor, PGF, prostatic growth factor, beta-Urogastrone, URO, URG, Urogastrone, tooth-lid factor) receptors (erb, erbB1, HER1) (ErbB1, ErbB2, ErbB3, ErbB4) (Gui and Zheng, 2003; Kalmes et al, 2001; Ichiki et al, 2004; Shin et al, 2003; Yamanaka et al, 2001; Inaba et al, 1995; Lalor et al, 2004; Yang et al, 2004; Krymskaya et al, 1999; Ye et al, 1997; Sugo et al, 2001; Sastre et al, 2008; Tsai et al, 2009; Huang YL et al, 2009)
• endothelin-1 (ET-1(1-21), ET-1) (Cai et al, 1999; Haug et al, 2001; Kahler et al, 2001; Ruef et al, 2001; Markewitz et al, 2001; Yang H et al, 2005; Sugo et al, 2001; Stanford et al, 2004; Frank et al, 2006)
•• endothelin-1 (ET-1(1-21), ET-1) receptors (Daou and Srivastava, 2004; Davie et al, 2002; Haug et al, 2001; Sugo et al, 1995; Yang H et al, 2005; Upton et al, 2001; Frank et al, 1993, 2006; Alagappan et al, 2007; McWhinnie et al, 2007; Wu-Wong JR et al, 2007)
• endothelin-3 (ET-3) (Yu and Davenport et al, 1995; Cai et al, 1999)
• EphA4 (Eph receptor A4, Sek, Sek1, HEK8, human embryo kinase-8, tyro1, tyrosine-protein kinase 1) (Ogita et al, 2003)
•• ephrin A1 (EFNA1, B61, EPLG1, EPH-related receptor tyrosine kinase ligand-1, Epl1, TNFAIP4, tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced protein 4, TNF-alpha-induced protein 4, LERK1, Ligand of eph-related kinase-1) receptors (Deroanne et al, 2003)
• Epiregulin (EREG, EPR) (Takahashi et al, 2003; Koo and Kim, 2003; Vendrov et al, 2006)
•• Epiregulin (EREG, EPR) receptors (Yamanaka et al, 2001)
• epithelins (Chen J et al, 2001)
•• erythropoietin (Epo, Ep, ECSA, erythroid colony stimulating activity, ESF, erythropoiesis stimulating factor) receptors (Akimoto et al, 1999, 2001; Ito et al, 2003; Barrett et al, 1998)

•• factor Xa (FX, F10, coagulation factor X) receptors (Koo and Kim, 2003)
•• Factor XII (coagulation factor XII, FXII, F12) receptors (Gordon et al, 1996)
• FAS ligand (FASL, FASLG, APT1LG1, apoptosis antigen ligand 1, CD95 ligand, CD95L, APO-1 ligand, APTL, Apoptosis antigen ligand, TNF ligand superfamily member 6, TNFSF6, CD178) (Sata et al, 2000)
• FGF-5 (Fibroblast growth factor-5, HBGF-5, heparin binding growth factor-5, SMAG-82, smooth muscle cell activation-induced gene-82) (de Vries et al, 2000)
• FGF-8 (Fibroblast growth factor-8, AIGF, androgen induced growth factor) (Antoine et al, 2005)
• FGF-9 (Fibroblast growth factor-9, HBGF-9, heparin binding growth factor-9, GAF, glia activating factor) (Adam et al, 2004; Antoine et al, 2005)
•• FGF-9 (Fibroblast growth factor-9, HBGF-9, heparin binding growth factor-9, GAF, glia activating factor) receptors (Agrotis et al, 2004)
•• FGF-13 (Fibroblast growth factor-13, FHF-2, fibroblast growth factor homologous factor-2) receptors (Leung et al, 1998)
• FGF-16 (Fibroblast growth factor-16) (Antoine et al, 2005)
• FGF-18 (Fibroblast growth factor-18) (Antoine et al, 2005)
• FGFR1 (fibroblast growth factor receptor-1, BFGFR, basic fibroblast growth factor receptor, FGFBR, FGFB receptor, flt-2, fms-like tyrosine kinase-2, flg, fms-like gene, N-sam, Cek1, chicken embryonic kinase 1, KAL2, Kallmann syndrome 2, CD331) (Antoine et al, 2005; Floege et al, 1999; Chen et al, 1998)
• FGFR2 (fibroblast growth factor receptor-2, TK-14, bek, bacterially expressed kinase, Cek3, chicken embryonic kinase 3, K-sam, KATO-III cell-derived stomach cancer amplified gene, KGF receptor, KGFR, CD332) (Antoine et al, 2005)
• FGFR3 (fibroblast growth factor receptor-3, Cek2, chicken embryonic kinase 2, flg-2, fms-like gene-2, JTK4, CD333) (Antoine et al, 2005)
• FGFR5 (fibroblast growth factor receptor-5, FHFR, FGF homologous factor receptor, FGFRL1, Fibroblast growth factor receptor-like-1, FGF receptor-like protein 1) (Antoine et al, 2005)
• Fibromodulin (FMOD, collagen binding 59 kDa protein) (Levens et al, 2005)
• fibronectin (FN, fibronectin-1, FN1, LETS, large external transformation-sensitive protein, Fibroblast surface antigen, SF antigen, SFA, CIg, CI globulin, cold-insoluble globulin, CSP, galactoprotein A, MSF, migration stimulating factor, Z protein) (Lo et al, 1995; Lo et al, 2001)
• Fibulin-1 (FBLN1, BM-90) (Roark et al, 1995)
•• Fibulin-5 (FBLN5, DANCE, developmental arteries and neural crest EGF-like, EVEC, embryonic vascular EGF-like repeat-containing protein) receptors (Lomas et al, 2007)
• FLRG (follistatin-related gene, follistatin-like-3, FSTL3) (Stojakovic et al, 2007)
• flt-1 (Orlandi et al, 2008)
• follistatin (FST, Follicle stimulating hormone suppressing protein, FSP, Activin-binding protein) (Kanzaki et al, 1995)
• frizzled-1 (FzD1, Fz1) (Mao et al, 2000; Goodwin et al, 2006)
• frizzled-2 (FzD2, FzE2, Fz2) (Mao et al, 2000)
• frizzled-2 (FzD2, FzE2, Fz2) (Castoldi et al, 2005; Vendrov et al, 2006)
• Frizzled-4 (FzD4, Fz4, CD344) (Goodwin et al, 2006)
• frizzled-10 (FzD10, Fz10, CD350) (Wang et al, 2005)

• gadd45 (growth arrest and DNA damage induced gene-45) (Bruemmer et al, 2003)
• gadd153 (growth arrest and DNA damage induced gene-153, DDIT3, DNA damage-inducible transcript-3, CHOP, C/EBP-homologous protein, CHOP-10, C/EBP-homologous protein-10, C/EBP-zeta, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein zeta) (Tang et al, 2002)
• Galectin-1 (Gal-1, LGALS1, galactose-specific soluble lectin 1, L-14-I, Lactose-binding lectin 1, S-Lac lectin 1, Galaptin) (Moiseeva et al, 2000; van den Brule et al, 1997)
• Galectin-3 (Gal-3, LGALS3, galactose-specific soluble lectin 3, Mac-2, macrophage galactose-specific lectin-2, L-29, CBP-35, carbohydrate binding protein-35, IgE binding factor epsilon, Epsilon BP) (Arar et al, 1998; Kleshchenko et al, 2004)
• gas-1 (Growth arrest-specific gene-1) (Vendrov et al, 2006)
• gas-6 (Growth arrest-specific gene-6, Growth-potentiating factor, GPF, AXLLG, axl receptor tyrosine kinase ligand, AXSF, axl stimulatory factor) (Murao et al, 1999; Yin et al, 2000; Vendrov et al, 2006)
•• gas-6 (Growth arrest-specific gene-6, Growth-potentiating factor, GPF, AXLLG, axl receptor tyrosine kinase ligand, AXSF, axl stimulatory factor) receptors (Fridell et al, 1998)
• gastrokine-1 (GNK1) (Hnia et al, 2008)
• G-CSF (Granulocyte colony stimulating factor, CSF-3, colony stimulating factor-3, CSF-beta, colony stimulating factor-beta, G-CSA, granulocytic neutrophil colony stimulating activity, Pluripoietin-beta) (Stanford et al, 2000; Chen et al, 2004; Clarke et al, 2004; Zoellner et al, 1992)
•• GDF5 (growth/differentiation factor-5, BMP14, Bone morphogenetic protein-14, CDMP-1, Cartilage-derived morphogenetic protein-1, LAP4, Lipopolysaccharide-associated protein 4, LPS-associated protein 4) receptors (Chen X et al, 2006; Upton et al, 2008)
• GM-CSF (Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor, BPA, burst promoting activity, CSF-2, colony stimulating factor-2, GM-CSA, Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating activity, MGI-1GM, macrophage-granulocyte inducer, Pluripoietin-alpha) (Oltmanns et al, 2003; Stanford et al, 2002; Chegini et al, 1999; Hallsworth et al, 1998; Saunders et al, 1997; Clarke et al, 2004; Stojakovic et al, 2007)
•• GM-CSF (Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor, BPA, burst promoting activity, CSF-2, colony stimulating factor-2, GM-CSA, Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating activity, MGI-1GM, macrophage-granulocyte inducer, Pluripoietin-alpha) receptors (CD116) (Stanford et al, 2002; Chegini et al, 1999; Plenz et al, 1999)
• gp130 (IL6ST, IL6 signal transducer, CD130) (Klouche et al, 1999)
• GRB14 (growth factor receptor-bound protein-14) (Vendrov et al, 2006)
•• Growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH, Somatotropin releasing factor, SRF, Somatotropin releasing hormone, SRH, SRF/SRH Somatoliberin) receptors (Wu-Wong JR et al, 2007)

• HB-EGF (Heparin binding EGF-like factor, Heparin binding EGF-like growth factor, par-2, prostate apoptosis response protein 2, DTR, Diphtheria toxin receptor) (Koh et al, 2001; Park et al, 1999; Li et al, 2004; Kayanoki et al, 1999; Sastre et al, 2008; Adam et al, 2004; Vendrov et al, 2006; Huang YL et al, 2009)
•• HB-EGF (Heparin binding EGF-like factor, Heparin binding EGF-like growth factor, par-2, prostate apoptosis response protein 2, DTR, Diphtheria toxin receptor) receptors (erbB1, erbB2) (Inaba et al, 1996; Chen et al, 1998; Iivanainen et al, 2003; Kalmes et al, 2001; Reynolds et al, 2002; Yamanaka et al, 2001; Lee et al, 2007)
•• HDGF (hepatoma-derived growth factor, HuHGF, HMG1L2, high mobility group protein 1-like-2) receptors (Everett et al, 2001; Narron et al, 2006)
• HGF (hepatocyte growth factor, HGF/SF, Hepatocyte growth factor-scatter factor, F-TCF, fibroblast tumor cytotoxic factor, HPTA, Hepatopoietin A, SF, scatter factor, TCF, tumor cytotoxic factor) (Aoyagi et al, 1999; Okada et al, 2000; Wajih et al, 2003)
•• HGF (hepatocyte growth factor, HGF/SF, Hepatocyte growth factor-scatter factor, F-TCF, fibroblast tumor cytotoxic factor, HPTA, Hepatopoietin A, SF, scatter factor, TCF, tumor cytotoxic factor) receptors (met) (Aoyagi et al, 1999; Wajih et al, 2003)
• HLA-G (Human leukocyte antigen G, HLA-6.0, HLA60, Qa) (Sheshgiri et al, 2008)
• HMG-1 (high mobility group protein-1, HMGB1, high mobility group box-1, amphoterin, DEF, Differentiation enhancing factor, Neurite growth-promoting protein, SBP-1, Sulfoglucuronyl carbohydrate binding protein-1) (Inoue et al, 2007
• hsp27 (hsp27a, hsp27b, hsp27c, heat shock protein 27, HSPB1, heat shock 27 kDa protein 1, estrogen-regulated protein 24K, p29 estrogen receptor-associated protein, estrogen receptor-related protein, GC1, germ cell-dependent phosphoprotein-1) (Hirade et al, 2002; Hirade et al, 2004; Tanabe et al, 2001; Kozawa et al, 2000; Kozawa et al, 1999)
• hsp47 (heat shock protein 47, RA-A47, Rheumatoid arthritis antigen A47, Colligin 2, J6, CBP2, Collagen-binding protein 2) (Rocnik et al, 2001; Shioshita et al, 2000)
• hsp70 (heat shock protein 70) (Hamel et al, 2000; Xu et al, 2000; Shioshita et al, 2000)
• hsp90 (heat shock protein 90, HSPCA, HSPC1, Lipopolysaccharide-associated protein 2, LAP2, hsp90-alpha, hsp90-beta) (Liao et al, 2000)
•• Humanin (HN, Rattin) receptors (Jung et al, 2003)
• HVEM (Herpesvirus entry mediator, HveA, Herpes simplex virus entry protein A, HveAt, , TR2, TNF receptor-like-2, ATAR, another TRAF-associated receptor, TNFRSF14, TNF receptor superfamily member 14, LIGHTR, LIGHT receptor) (Wei et al, 2006; Kosuge et al, 2004)

• IAP-1 (Stojakovic et al, 2007)
• ID1 (Inhibitor of differentiation-1, Inhibitor of DNA binding-1, IDB1) (Yang et al, 2008; Chen X et al, 2006; Vendrov et al, 2006)
• ID2 (Inhibitor of differentiation-2, Inhibitor of DNA binding-2, IDB2) (Yang et al, 2008; Chen X et al, 2006)
• ID3 (Inhibitor of differentiation-3, Inhibitor of DNA binding-3, IDB3) (Chen X et al, 2006; Vendrov et al, 2006; Wu-Wong JR et al, 2007)
• IFN-gamma (IFNG, interferon-gamma, Gamma-Interferon, gIFN) (Gerdes et al, 2002)
•• IFN-gamma (IFNG, interferon-gamma, Gamma-Interferon, gIFN) receptors (CD119, IFNGR1, AVP type 2, antiviral protein type 2, immune interferon receptor) (Chung et al, 2002; Stralin et al, 2000; Ludwig et al, 2002; Pype et al, 1999; Wen et al, 2003; Stanford et al, 2002 Lajoie-Kadoch et al, 2006; Odaka et al, 2007; Kosuge et al, 2004)
• IGF-1 (Insulin-like growth factor-1, Erythropoietic factor, mechano growth factor, MGF, ILGF1, somatomedin C, NSILA, non-suppressible insulin-like activity, Somatomedin A, Somatomedin C, sulfation factor) (Hayford et al, 1998)
•• IGF-1 (Insulin-like growth factor-1, Erythropoietic factor, mechano growth factor, MGF, ILGF1, somatomedin C, NSILA, non-suppressible insulin-like activity, Somatomedin A, Somatomedin C, sulfation factor) receptors (IGF1R, CD221) (Lo et al, 2001; Maile and Clemons, 2003; Kuemmerle et al, 2005; Ling et al, 2005; Maile et al, 2008; Kavurma et al, 2007; Li et al, 2008)
• IGF receptors (Lalor et al, 2004)
•• IGF-2 (Insulin-like growth factor-2, Growth-promoting activity for vascular endothelial cells, T3M-11-derived growth factor, ILGF2, MSA, multiplication stimulating activity, NSILA, non-suppressible insulin-like activity, Somatomedin A, sulfation factor, SGF, skeletal growth factor, HP1-SMP, HP3-SMP, Somatomedin/insulin-like growth factor-like polypeptides) receptors (IGF2R, CD222, mannose-6-phosphate receptor; MPR, CIM6PR, cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor, MPRI, MPR300) (Schriever et al, 1996)
• IGFBP1 (Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1, 34 k IGFBP, AFBP, amniotic fluid binding protein, Alpha-pregnancy-associated endometrial globulin, Binding protein-25, Binding protein-26, Binding protein-28, BP-34, BP-3A, endometrial protein 14, Growth hormone independent binding protein, IGF-BP25, PP12, placental protein 12, pregnancy-associated endometrial alpha-1-globulin) (Vendrov et al, 2006)
• IGFBP2 (Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2) (Andersson et al, 1999; Chaqour et al, 2002; Cohick et al, 1995; Rajah et al, 1996)
• IGFBP3 (Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3, BP-53, Growth hormone dependent binding protein, Binding protein-29) (Andersson et al, 1999; Hayford et al, 1998)
• IGFBP4 (Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-4, Colon cancer cell growth inhibitor, HT29-IGFBP, HT29 insulin-like growth factor binding protein) (Andersson et al, 1999; Bayes-Genis et al, 2001; Chaqour et al, 2002; Hayford et al, 1998)
• IGFBP5 (Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-5) (Andersson et al, 1999; Chaqour et al, 2002; Xin et al, 2004; Xu et al, 2004; Moralez et al, 2003;
• IGFBP6 (Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-6) (Andersson et al, 1999; Hayford et al, 1998; Morikawa et al, 2004)
(Morikawa et al, 2004)
• IGFBP7 (Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-7, mac25, meningioma-associated cDNA-25, T1A12, IGFBPrP1, Insulin-like growth factor binding protein related protein-1, TAF, tumor-derived adhesion factor, PSF, Prostacyclin stimulating factor, Angiomodulin) (Hashimoto et al, 2002)
• IGFBP10 (Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-10, cyr-61, Cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61, cysteine-rich 61, CCN1) (Debey et al, 2003; Grote et al, 2004; Morikawa et al, 2004)
• IL1-alpha (IL1A, interleukin-1-alpha, BAF, B-cell activating factor, BCAF, B-cell activating factor, EP, endogenous pyrogens, LAF, lymphocyte activating factor, LEM, leukocyte endogenous mediator, MCF, mononuclear cell factor, MNCF, mononuclear cell factor, MP, mitogenic protein, TRF-3, T-cell replacing factor-3, Tumor inhibitory factor-2) (Cooper et al, 1999)
• IL1-beta (IL1B, interleukin-1-beta, Catabolin, H1, Hematopoietin-1, IFN-beta inducing factor, Interleukin-beta, OAF, osteoclast activating factor) (Asakawa et al, 1999; Stojakovic et al, 2007; Feng et al, 1999; Wu-Wong JR et al, 2007)
• IL1-beta Convertase (ICE, IL1BC, IL1-beta converting enzyme, Caspase-1, CASP1) (Horiuchi et al, 1999)
•• IL1-beta (IL1B, interleukin-1-beta, Catabolin, H1, Hematopoietin-1, IFN-beta inducing factor, Interleukin-beta, OAF, osteoclast activating factor) receptors (IL1R, IL1RA, IL1R1, IL1 receptor type 1, IL1RB, IL1R2, IL1 receptor type 2, CD121a, CD121b) (Pype et al, 1999; Wen et al, 2003; Stanford et al, 2002)
• IL1F5 (Interleukin-1 family member 5, FIL1-delta, IL1-HY1, IL1-delta, IL1RP3, IL1-related protein-3) (Wu-Wong JR et al, 2007)
• IL1ra (IL1 receptor antagonist, IL1RN, IL1 inhibitor, IRAP, IL1 receptor antagonist protein, IL1 inhibitory activity, ILS, IL1F3, IL1 family member 3) (Beasley et al, 1995; Di Febbo et al, 1998; Lin et al, 2003; Wu-Wong JR et al, 2007)
•• IL1 (interleukin-1) receptors (IL1R, IL1RA, IL1R1, IL1 receptor type 1, IL1RB, IL1R2, IL1 receptor type 2, CD121a, CD121b) (Ye et al, 1997)
•• IL2 (Interleukin-2, BF, blastogenic factor, EDF, eosinophil differentiation factor, KHF, killer cell helper factor, LMF, lymphocyte mitogenic factor, LPF, lymphocyte proliferation factor, MAF-C I, macrophage-activating factor for cytotoxicity I, PFC-EA, plaque forming cell enhancing factor, SCIF, secondary cytotoxic T-cell inducing factor, TCGF, T-cell growth factor, TCPA, T colony-promoting activity, TDF, thymocyte differentiation factor, T-LPF, T-lymphocyte promotor factor, TMF, thymocyte mitogenic factor, T-cell maturation factor, T-cell mitogenic factor, TRF-3, T-cell replacing factor-3, TSF, thymocyte stimulating factor) receptors (CD25, TAC antigen, Ly43, OX39) (Nabata et al, 1997)
•• IL3 (Interleukin-3, 20-alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase inducing factor, BPA, burst promoting activity, CFU-S, colony-forming unit spleen, CSF-2-alpha, colony stimulating factor-2-alpha, CSF-2-beta, colony stimulating factor-2-beta, ECSF, erythroid colony stimulating factor, Eo-CSF, eosinophil colony stimulating factor, HCGF, Hematopoietic cell growth factor, HP2, Hematopoietin-2, HPGF, hematopoietic cell growth factor, MCGF, mast cell growth factor, MCSA, multi-colony stimulating activity, MEG-CSF, megakaryocyte colony stimulating factor, MGF, mast cell growth factor, Mixed colony stimulating factor, Multi-CSF, Multi-colony stimulating factor, multi-HGF, multilineage hemopoietic growth factor, Multipoietin, NC cell growth factor, natural cytotoxic cell growth factor, Neutrophil-granulocyte colony stimulating factor, PSF, progenitor stimulating factor, PSH, panspecific hemopoietin, SAF, stem cell activating factor, Thy1 inducing factor) receptors (CD123) (Brizzi et al, 2001)
•• IL4 (Interleukin-4, BCDF-epsilon, B-cell differentiation factor-epsilon, BCDF-gamma, B-cell differentiation factor-gamma, BCGF-gamma, B-cell growth factor-gamma, BCGF-1, B-cell growth factor-1, Binetrakin, BSF-1, B-cell stimulating factor-1, BSF-p1, B-cell stimulating factor p1, EL4-BCGF, EL4 B-cell growth factor, HCGF, Hodgkin's cell growth factor, IgE-EF, IgE enhancing factor, IgG1-enhancing factor, IgG1-induction factor, LMW-BCGF, low molecular weight B-cell growth factor, MaGEF, Mast cell growth enhancing factor, MCGF-2, mast cell growth factor-2, MFF, macrophage fusion factor, Pitrakinra, TCGF-2, T-cell growth factor-2) receptors (CD124) (Faffe et al, 2003; Huang et al, 2003; Wen et al, 2003; Moore et al, 2002; Hirst et al, 2002; Stanford et al, 2002; Xie et al, 2004; Sasaguri et al, 1998; Hawker et al, 1998; Stralin et al, 2000; Wright et al, 1999; Odaka et al, 2007; Wei et al, 2008)
•• IL5 (Interleukin-5, B151-TRF, B151 T-cell replacing factor, BCDF, B-cell differentiation factors, BCDF-alpha, B-cell differentiation factor-alpha, BCDF-mu, B-cell differentiation factor-mu, BCGF-2, B-cell growth factor-2, DL-BCGF, Dennert line B-cell growth factor, BGDF, B-cell growth and differentiation factor, CFU-Eo GSF, colony-forming unit eosinophil growth stimulating factor, EDF, eosinophil differentiation factor, Eo-CSF, Eosinophil colony stimulating factor, Eo-DF, eosinophil differentiation factor, ESP, eosinophil stimulation promoter, IgA-EF, IgA enhancing factor, KHF, killer helper factor, TRF-1, T-cell replacing factor-1) receptors (CD125) (Wen et al, 2003)
• IL6 (interleukin-6, 26 kDa protein, BSF-2, B-cell stimulating factor-2, CDF, CAT development factor, choline acetyltransferase development factor, Cytolytic differentiation factor for T-lymphocytes, FDGI, fibroblast-derived growth inhibitor, HGF, hybridoma growth factor, HPGF, hybridoma/plasmacytoma growth factor, HSF, hepatocyte stimulating factor, HSF-1, hepatocyte stimulating factor-1, ILHP1, Interleukin-hemopoietin-1, MGI-2A, Macrophage-granulocyte inducer-2A, Myeloma GF, myeloma growth factor, NKAF, natural killer cell activating factor, TAF, T-cell activating factor, Thymocyte growth factor, TSF, thymocyte stimulating factor) (Elias et al, 1997; Gerdes et al, 2002; Huang et al, 2003; Bernard et al, 1999; Van Assche et al, 1999; Ng et al, 2003; Maret et al, 1999; Shi and Sarna, 2005; Lee et al, 2007; Vendrov et al, 2006; Wu-Wong JR et al, 2007)
•• IL6 (interleukin-6, 26 kDa protein, BSF-2, B-cell stimulating factor-2, CDF, CAT development factor, choline acetyltransferase development factor, Cytolytic differentiation factor for T-lymphocytes, FDGI, fibroblast-derived growth inhibitor, HGF, hybridoma growth factor, HPGF, hybridoma/plasmacytoma growth factor, HSF, hepatocyte stimulating factor, HSF-1, hepatocyte stimulating factor-1, ILHP1, Interleukin-hemopoietin-1, MGI-2A, Macrophage-granulocyte inducer-2A, Myeloma GF, myeloma growth factor, NKAF, natural killer cell activating factor, TAF, T-cell activating factor, Thymocyte growth factor, TSF, thymocyte stimulating factor) receptors (CD126) (Mirshahi et al, 2002; Lahiri et al, 2001; Rauk et al, 2001; Demyanets et al, 2007; Klouche et al, 1999)
• IL8 (interleukin-8, SCYB8, 3-10C, 9E3, ANAP, anionic neutrophil-activating peptide, Chemotaxin, CEF-4, CT/IL8, CXCL8, CXC chemokine ligand 8, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 8, EDNAP, endothelial-derived neutrophil-activating peptide, EMF-1, embryo fibroblast protein 1, Emoctakin, ENAP, Endothelial cell neutrophil-activating peptide, FDNAP, Fibroblast-derived neutrophil-activating peptide, FINAP, fibroblast-derived neutrophil-activating protein, GCF, granulocyte chemotactic factor, GCP, granulocyte chemotactic peptide, LAI, leukocyte adhesion inhibitor, LCF, lymphocyte chemotactic factors, LDNAP, leukocyte-derived neutrophil-activating peptide, LIF, leukocyte inhibitory factor, LUCT, lung carcinoma-derived chemotaxin, LYNAP, lymphocyte-derived neutrophil-activating peptide, MDNAP, monocyte-derived neutrophil-activating peptide, MDNCF, monocyte-derived neutrophil chemotactic factor, MOC, monocyte-derived chemotaxin, MONAP, monocyte-derived neutrophil-activating peptide, NAF, neutrophil-activating factor, NAP-1, neutrophil-activating protein-1, NCF, neutrophil chemotactic factor, NCP, neutrophil chemotactic protein, PLF, psoriatic leukotactic factor, TCF, T-cell chemotactic factor, TSG-1, Tumor necrosis factor-stimulated gene sequence-1) (Gerdes et al, 2002; John et al, 1998; Jordan et al, 1997; Oltmanns et al, 2003; Alzoghaibi et al, 2003; Vanaudenaerde et al, 2003; Zhu et al, 2003; Schaub et al, 2000; Shi and Sarna, 2005; Dragon et al, 2007; Vanaudenaerde et al, 2007; Heo et al, 2008; Wu-Wong JR et al, 2007)
•• IL9 (Interleukin-9, MCGF, mast cell growth factor, MEA, mast cell growth enhancing activity, Megakaryoblast growth factor, P40, TCGF-3, T-cell growth factor-3) receptors (CD129) (Gounni et al, 2004)
•• IL10 (interleukin-10, B-TCGF, B-cell derived T-cell growth factor, CSIF, cytokine synthesis inhibitory factor, TGIF, T-cell growth inhibitory factor) receptors (Stanford et al, 2002)
• IL11 (Interleukin-11, AGIF, adipogenesis inhibitory factor, HPAEC survival factor, human pulmonary artery endothelial cell-derived survival factor, Megakaryocyte colony stimulating factor, Plasmacytoma stimulatory activity, T1154 mitogenic activity, Oprelvekin, Neumega) (Elias et al, 1997; Taki et al, 1999; Shi and Sarna, 2005; Wu-Wong JR et al, 2007)
•• IL11 (Interleukin-11, AGIF, adipogenesis inhibitory factor, HPAEC survival factor, human pulmonary artery endothelial cell-derived survival factor, Megakaryocyte colony stimulating factor, Plasmacytoma stimulatory activity, T1154 mitogenic activity, Oprelvekin, Neumega) receptors (Zimmerman et al, 2002)
•• IL12 (IL12A, IL12-alpha IL12B, IL12-beta, IL12-p35, IL12-p40, IL12-p70, Interleukin-12, Interleukin-12A, Interleukin-12B, CLMF, cytotoxic lymphocyte maturation factor, NKSF, natural killer cell stimulatory factor, NKSF1, natural killer cell stimulatory factor-1, NKSF2, natural killer cell stimulatory factor-2, TcMF, CTL maturation factor, TSF, T-cell stimulating factor) receptors (Gerdes et al, 2002)
• IL13 (Interleukin-13, NC30, P600) (Liang H et al, 2009)
•• IL13 (Interleukin-13, NC30, P600) receptors (Faffe et al, 2003; Huang et al, 2003; Wen et al, 2003; Moore et al, 2002; Hirst et al, 2002; Stanford et al, 2002; Xie et al, 2004; Wei et al, 2008; Deshpande et al, 2004)
• IL15 (Interleukin-15, IL-T, Interleukin T) (Stojakovic et al, 2007; Iwasaki et al, 2007)
• IL15 (Interleukin-15, IL-T, Interleukin T) receptor alpha (Stojakovic et al, 2007; Cercek et al, 2006; Iwasaki et al, 2007)
•• IL17 (Interleukin-17, IL17A, interleukin-17A) receptors (Vanaudenaerde et al, 2003, 2007; Lajoie-Kadoch et al, 2006; Dragon et al, 2007; Saleh et al, 2009; Cheng et al, 2009)
• IL18 (interleukin-18, IGIF, IFN-gamma inducing factor, IL1-gamma, IL1F4, IL1 family member 4, Iboctadekin) (Gerdes et al, 2002)
•• IL18 (interleukin-18, IGIF, IFN-gamma inducing factor, IL1-gamma, IL1F4, IL1 family member 4, Iboctadekin) receptors (Gerdes et al, 2002)
• IL19 (interleukin-19, IL10C, MDA1, ZMDA1, melanoma differentiation antigen-1, melanoma differentiation associated protein-like protein) (Tian et al, 2008)
•• IL19 (interleukin-19, IL10C, MDA1, ZMDA1, melanoma differentiation antigen-1, melanoma differentiation associated protein-like protein) receptors (Tian et al, 2008)
• IL24 (interleukin-24, ST16, suppression of tumorigenicity-16, MDA-7, melanoma differentiation-associated gene 7, mob-5, C49a, FISP, IL4 induced secreted protein) (Ekmekcioglu et al, 2001; Wu-Wong JR et al, 2007)
•• IL25 (interleukin-25, IL17E, interleukin-17E) receptors (Lajoie-Kadoch et al, 2006)
• IL33 (interleukin-33, NFHEV, nuclear factor from high endothelial venules, C9orf26, chromosome 9 open reading frame 26) (Schmitz et al, 2005)
•• insulin receptors (CD220, INSR) (Artwohl et al, 2007; Cooper et al, 1993; Engberding et al, 2009; Johansson and Arnqvist, 2006; King et al, 1983; Obata et al, 1996; Pfeifle and Ditschuneit, 1983; Ruiz-Torres et al, 1998; Standley and Rose, 1994)

• jagged-1 (JAG1, jagged, Serrate-1) (Wu et al, 2008)

• KGF (keratinocyte growth factor, HBGF-7, heparin binding growth factor-7, FGF-7, fibroblast growth factor-7) (Winkles et al, 1997)
•• KGF (keratinocyte growth factor, HBGF-7, heparin binding growth factor-7, FGF-7, fibroblast growth factor-7) receptors (Onda et al, 2003; Winkles et al, 1997)

•• Leptin (ob, ob/ob, obese protein, obesity factor) receptors (OBR, CD295, db, db/db, fatty, fa, fa/fa) (Shin et al, 2008)
• LIF (ABAE cell growth-inhibitory activity; CDF, cholinergic differentiation factor, CNDF, cholinergic neuronal differentiation factor, D-Factor, differentiation stimulating factor, DIA, differentiation inhibiting activity, DIF, differentiation inducing factor, DRF, Differentiation-retarding factor, ES cell growth factor, ESCGF, embryonic stem cell growth factor, GATS, growth stimulatory activity for TS1 cells, HILDA, human interleukin for Da cells, HSF-2, hepatocyte stimulating factor-2, HSF-3, hepatocyte stimulating factor-3, Lipoprotein lipase inhibitor, M1 differentiation inducing activity, MCGEF, mast cell growth-enhancing factor, MLPLI, melanoma-derived lipoprotein lipase inhibitor, OAF, osteoclast activating factor) (Elias et al, 1997; Fayon et al, 2006; Adam et al, 2004; Damon et al, 2008; Vendrov et al, 2006)
•• LIF (ABAE cell growth-inhibitory activity; CDF, cholinergic differentiation factor, CNDF, cholinergic neuronal differentiation factor, D-Factor, differentiation stimulating factor, DIA, differentiation inhibiting activity, DIF, differentiation inducing factor, DRF, Differentiation-retarding factor, ES cell growth factor, ESCGF, embryonic stem cell growth factor, GATS, growth stimulatory activity for TS1 cells, HILDA, human interleukin for Da cells, HSF-2, hepatocyte stimulating factor-2, HSF-3, hepatocyte stimulating factor-3, Lipoprotein lipase inhibitor, M1 differentiation inducing activity, MCGEF, mast cell growth-enhancing factor, MLPLI, melanoma-derived lipoprotein lipase inhibitor, OAF, osteoclast activating factor) receptors (CD118) (Mirshahi et al, 2002; Fayon et al, 2006; Demyanets et al, 2007; Lloyd et al, 2008, World et al, 2001)
•• LIGHT (TNFSF14, TNF ligand superfamily member 14, HVEM ligand, HVEM-L, Herpesvirus entry mediator ligand, CD258) receptors (Wei et al, 2006)
• lipocalin-2 (LCN2, 24p3, 25 kDa alpha-2-microglobulin-related subunit of MMP-9, Alpha-2-microglobulin related protein, Ex-FABP, extracellular fatty acid-binding protein, HNL, human neutrophil lipocalin, lipocalin 24p3, MSFI, migration stimulating factor inhibitor, NGAL, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, NRL, neu-related lipocalin, Scn, siderocalin, SIP24, superinducible protein 24 kDa, SV40-induced 24P3 protein, Uterocalin) (Bu et al, 2006)
• LRP5 (low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5, LDL receptor-related protein 5, LRP7, LDL receptor-related protein 7, low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 7, LR3) (Wang et al, 2005)
• LRP6 (low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6, LDL receptor-related protein 6, ringelschwanz, rs, crooked tail, Cd) (Wang et al, 2004)
• Lumican (LUM, LCN, LDC, corneal keratan sulfate proteoglycan 37B core protein) (Naito, 2005; Lajoie-Kadoch et al, 2006; Qin et al, 2001; Onda et al, 2002; Feng et al, 1999)
•• lymphotoxin-beta (LT-beta, LTB, TNFSF3, TNF ligand superfamily member 3, TNF C, tumor necrosis factor C) receptors (Kosuge et al, 2004)

•• M-CSF (macrophage colony stimulating factor, CSF-1, colony stimulating factor-1, CSF-HU, Urinary colony stimulating factor, MGF, macrophage growth factor, MGI-1M, macrophage-granulocyte inducer, op, osteopetrotic, toothless, tl, Lanimostim) receptors (fms, CSF1R, CSF-1 receptor, FIM2, CD115) (Inaba et al, 1995, 1996)
•• Midkine (MK, Mdk, MK1, midgestation and kidney protein, NEGF-2, neurite growth-promoting factor-2, ARAP, Amphiregulin-associated protein, RIHB, retinoic acid-inducible heparin binding protein) receptors (Sumi et al, 2002)
• Met-Enkephalin (Met5-Enkephalin, MENK, OGF, opioid growth factor) (Zagon et al, 1996; Wu et al, 1998)
•• Met-Enkephalin (Met5-Enkephalin, MENK, OGF, opioid growth factor) receptors (Zagon et al, 1996; Wu et al, 1998)
• MIF (MMIF, macrophage migration inhibitory factor, GIF, glycosylation inhibiting factor, phenylpyruvate tautomerase, PPT, EC5.3.2.1, phenylpyruvate keto-enol isomerase) (Hu et al, 2009)
• MMP-1 (matrix metalloproteinase-1, collagenase, collagenase-1, CL-1, CLG1, fibroblast collagenase, fibroblast-type collagenase, interstitial collagenase, tissue collagenase, EC3.4.23.7) (Gerdes et al, 2002; Luan et al, 2003; Arihiro et al, 2001; Bond et al, 2001; Kato et al, 2000; Park et al, 1999; Wang et al, 1998; Sasaguri et al, 1998; Yang et al, 1998; Schonbeck et al, 1997; Wada et al, 2001; Luan et al, 2003; Nikkari et al, 1995; Rajah et al, 1996; Game et al, 2005; Galis et al, 1994; Pickering et al, 1997; Meng et al, 2008; Ito et al, 2009; Feng et al, 1999)
• MMP-2 (matrix metalloproteinase-2, EC3.4.24.24, 70 kDa gelatinase, 72 kDa gelatinase, 72 kDa metalloproteinase, collagenase type 4, collagenase type 4A, 72 kDa type IV collagenase, Gelatinase 72 kDa, Gelatinase A, Type IV collagenase, Type IVA collagenase, neutrophil gelatinase) (Elshaw et al, 2004; Fan et al, 2002; Zaczynska et al, 2003; Liu et al, 2003; Lake and Castellot, 2004; Lee et al, 2003; Luan et al, 2003; Pross et al, 2002; Park et al, 1999; Aoyagi et al, 1999; Kawano et al, 1997; Galis et al, 1994; Lee et al, 2008; Doronzo et al, 2005; Wen et al, 2002; Grandas et al, 2008; Pullamsetti et al, 2005; Reddy et al, 2009; Inoue et al, 2007; Meng et al, 2008; Hu et al, 2009)
• MMP-3 (matrix metalloproteinase-3, stromelysin-1, STMY1, STR1, SL-1, transin, transin-1, collagenase activating protein, procollagenase activator, proteoglycanase) (Elshaw et al, 2004; Luan et al, 2003; Bond et al, 2001; Wang et al, 1998; Schonbeck et al, 1997; Galis et al, 1994; Blindt et al, 2002; Grandas et al, 2008; Inoue et al, 2007; Meng et al, 2008; Ito et al, 2009)
• MMP-8 (matrix metalloproteinase-8, neutrophil collagenase, PMNL collagenase, polymorphonuclear leukocyte collagenase, collagenase-2, CLG2, CL-2) (Pullamsetti et al, 2005)
• MMP-9 (matrix metalloproteinase-9, EC3.4.24.35, gelatinase B, 92 kDa gelatinase, 92 kDa type IV collagenase, or PMNL gelatinase, polymorphonuclear leukocyte gelatinase, gelatinase type IV-B, collagenase type 5, collagenase-5, CL-5) (Elshaw et al, 2004; Gerdes et al, 2002; Khan et al, 2002; Moon et al, 2004; Luan et al, 2003; Nagata et al, 2003; Arihiro et al, 2001; Bond et al, 2001; Wang et al, 1998; Schonbeck et al, 1997; Turner et al, 2005; Galis et al, 1994; Pullamsetti et al, 2005; Reddy et al, 2009; Inoue et al, 2007; Meng et al, 2008; Ji et al, 2009)
• MMP-10 (matrix metalloproteinase-10, stromelysin-2, STMY2, SL-2, ST-2, transin-2, EC3.4.24.22) (Pullamsetti et al, 2005)
• MMP-11 (matrix metalloproteinase-11, stromelysin-3, STMY3, SL-3, ST-3) (Pullamsetti et al, 2005)
• MMP-12 (matrix metalloproteinase-12, macrophage elastase, macrophage metalloelastase, EC3.4.24.65, MME, HME) (Wu et al, 2003; Stojakovic et al, 2007 Pullamsetti et al, 2005)
• MMP-13 (matrix metalloproteinase-13, Collagenase-3, CLG3, CL-3) (Gerdes et al, 2002; Shum et al, 2002; Mao et al, 1999; Vendrov et al, 2006)
• MMP-14 (matrix metalloproteinase-14, MT1-MMP, Membrane-type matrix metalloproteinase-1, MT-MMP-1, MMP-X1) (Elshaw et al, 2004; Shofuda et al, 2001, 1997; Aoyagi et al, 1999; Lee et al, 2008; Grandas et al, 2008)
• MMP-15 (matrix metalloproteinase-15, MT2-MMP, Membrane-type matrix metalloproteinase-2, MT-MMP-2) (Shofuda et al, 1997)
• MMP-16 (matrix metalloproteinase-16, MT3-MMP, Membrane-type matrix metalloproteinase-3, MT-MMP-3) (Uzui et al, 2002; Shofuda et al, 2001, 1997)
• MMP-17 (matrix metalloproteinase-17, MT4-MMP, Membrane-type matrix metalloproteinase-4, MT-MMP-4) (Rikimaru et al, 2007)
• MMP-20 (matrix metalloproteinase-20, enamelysin) (Pullamsetti et al, 2005)
• Mortalin (p66-mot-1, PBP74, peptide binding protein 74, grp75, glucose regulated protein 75) (Taurin et al, 2002; Pshezhetsky, 2007; Orlov and Hamet, 2006)

• neuropeptide Y (NPY, Y Neuropeptide) (Kopp et al, 2008)
•• neuropeptide Y (NPY, Y Neuropeptide) receptors (Zeng et al, 2002; Kim et al, 1998; Jacques et al, 2000; Nilsson and Edvinsson, 2000; Zukowska-Grojec et al, 1998; Kopp et al, 2008; Erlinge et al, 1994; Erdbrügger et al, 1993; Xiang and Brown, 1993; Sheikh et al, 1991; Vendrov et al, 2006)
• neuropilin-1 (Neuropilin, NPN-1, NP-1, NRP1, A5-antigen, BDCA4, Blood dendritic cell antigen 4, VEGF-165R, CD304) (Banerjee et al, 2006, 2008; Shintani et al, 2006; Stephenson et al, 2002; Liu W et al, 2005; Yang H et al, 2005)
• neuropilin-2 (NPN-2, NP-2, NRP2) (Yang H et al, 2005)
• Nexin-1 (PN-1-alpha, Glial-derived neurite promoting factor, GdNPF, Glia-derived nexin, GDN, NPF, neurite-promoting factor, Serpin E2) (Bouton et al, 2003; Richard et al, 2004)
• NGF (nerve growth factor, 7S NGF, 7S nerve growth factor, NGF-alpha, Nerve growth factor-alpha, kallikrein Klk1b4, Klk1b4, NGF-beta, NGFB, Nerve growth factor-beta, NGFG, NGF-gamma, Nerve growth factor-gamma, kallikrein Klk1b3, Klk1b3) (Freund et al, 2002; Stawowy et al, 2001; Clemow et al, 2000; Sherer et al, 2000; Nemoto et al, 1998; Creedon et al, 1997; Vendrov et al, 2006)
•• NGF (nerve growth factor, 7S NGF, 7S nerve growth factor, NGF-alpha, Nerve growth factor-alpha, kallikrein Klk1b4, Klk1b4, NGF-beta, NGFB, Nerve growth factor-beta, NGFG, NGF-gamma, Nerve growth factor-gamma, kallikrein Klk1b3, Klk1b3) receptors (Khan et al, 2002; Kraemer et al, 1999; Bono et al, 1997; Donovan et al, 1997)
• Ninjurin (nerve injury-induced protein, NIN1, NINJ1, Ninjurin-1, nerve injury-induced protein-1) (Stojakovic et al, 2007)
• Notch-1 (Notch, TAN-1, translocation-associated notch homolog-1) (Morrow et al, 2009)
• Notch-3 (CADASIL, cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy) (Wang et al, 2002; Campos et al, 2002)
• nov (nephroblastoma overexpressed gene, novH, CCN3, IGFBPrP3, Insulin-like growth factor binding protein related protein-3, IGFBP9, Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-9) (Kocialkowski et al, 2001; Ellis et al, 2000; van Roeyen et al, 2008)
•• nov (nephroblastoma overexpressed gene, novH, CCN3, IGFBPrP3, Insulin-like growth factor binding protein related protein-3, IGFBP9, Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-9) receptors (Ellis et al, 2000)
• NT-3 (neurotrophin-3, neuronotrophin-3, neurotrophic factor-3, NTF-3, HDNF, hippocampus-derived neurotrophic factor, NGF-2, Nerve growth factor-2) (Nemoto et al, 1998; Donovan et al, 1997; Damon et al, 2008)
•• NT-3 (neurotrophin-3, neuronotrophin-3, neurotrophic factor-3, NTF-3, HDNF, hippocampus-derived neurotrophic factor, NGF-2, Nerve growth factor-2) receptors (Nemoto et al, 1998; Donovan et al, 1997)
• NT-5 (neurotrophin-5, neurotrophic factor-5, NTF-5, NT-4/5, Neurotrophin-4/5) (Nemoto et al, 1998; Donovan et al, 1997)
• nur-77 (nuclear receptor-77, NAK1, NGFI-B, nerve growth factor-inducible B, RNR-1, regenerating liver nuclear receptor, TIS1, TPA-inducible sequence-1, tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate-inducible sequence-1) (Wu-Wong JR et al, 2007)
• Nurr-1 (nuclear receptor-related factor 1) (Wu-Wong JR et al, 2007)

•• Oncostatin M (OSM, OM, Onco M, OnM) receptors (Mirshahi et al, 2002; Nagata et al, 2003; Mirshahi et al, 2002; Lahiri et al, 2001; Nishibe et al, 2001; Bernard et al, 1999; Grove et al, 1993; Demyanets et al, 2007; McWhinnie et al, 2007)
• osteoglycin (OGN, OIF, osteoinductive factor, KSPG25, Mimecan) (Shanahan et al, 1997; Fernandez et al, 2003)
• osteopontin (OPN, OP, Osp, 2ar, 44 kDa bone phosphoprotein, 66 kDa bone phosphoprotein, bone sialoprotein, bone sialoprotein-1, BSP, BSP1, BSPI, Calcium oxalate crystal growth inhibitor protein, Eta-1, early T-lymphocyte activation protein 1, Nephropontin, Spp-1, Secreted Phosphoprotein-1, transformation-related phosphoprotein, tumor-secreted phosphoprotein, urinary stone protein, Uropontin) (Renault et al, 2005; Li et al, 2004; Kawamura et al, 2004; Bidder et al, 2002; Weintraub et al, 1996; Wen et al, 2002; Hu et al, 2009; Muteliefu et al, 2009; Vendrov et al, 2006; Wu-Wong JR et al, 2007)
• osteoprotegerin (OPG, FDCR-1, FDC-derived receptor-1, OCIF, osteoclastogenesis inhibitory factor, OCIF/OPG, OPG/OCIF, TNFRSF11B, TNF receptor superfamily member 11B, TR1, TNF receptor-like-1) (Fu et al, 2002; Zhang et al, 2002; Hofbauer et al, 2001; Wu-Wong JR et al, 2007)
•• Oxytocin (OT, OXT) receptors (Friebe-Hoffmann et al, 2001, 2007; Rauk et al, 2001)

• p75NTR (p75 neurotrophin receptor, p75LNGFR, LNGFR, p75 low affinity NGF receptor, TNFRSF16, TNF receptor superfamily member 16) (Wang et al, 2000)
•• PACAP (pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide, ADCYAP1, adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide 1, PACAP(1-27), PACAP27, PACAP(1-38), PACAP38) receptors (Sano et al, 2000; Teng et al, 1998)
• patched (PTC, PTC1, PTCH, patched-1, PTCH1) (Morrow et al, 2009)
• PAI-1 (Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, PAI, plasminogen activator inhibitor, endothelial plasminogen activator inhibitor, Serpin E1, MSF, monocyte suppressor factor, EIP-1, EGF-inducible protein 1, mesosecrin) (Wojta et al, 1993; Lau et al, 2002; Helenius et al, 2008; Zhang et al, 2008; Samarakoon and Higgins, 2008; Demyanets et al, 2007; Vendrov et al, 2006; Feng et al, 1999; Wu-Wong et al, 2007)
• PAI-2 (Plasminogen activator inhibitor-2, placental plasminogen activator inhibitor, epidermal plasminogen activator inhibitor, monocyte-derived plasminogen activator inhibitor, Monocyte Arg-serpin, PLANH2, urokinase inhibitor, PP10, placental protein 10, Serpin B2) (Pullamsetti et al, 2005; Wojta et al, 1993; Beauchamp et al, 2003; Jang et al, 2004; Morikawa et al, 2004)
• PAPP-A (pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A, Pappalysin-1, IGFBP4 protease) (Bayes-Genis et al, 2001)
• par-4 (prostate apoptosis response protein 4, WT1-interacting protein, PAWR) (Vetterkind and Morgan, 2008)
• PDGF (platelet-derived growth factor, PDGF-1, PDGF-2, PDGF-A, PDGF-AA, PDGF-B, PDGF-BB, FDGF, fibroblast-derived growth factor, GDGF, glioma-derived growth factor-1, GDGF-2, glioma-derived growth factor-2, GSM, Glucocorticoid-suppressible mitogenic activity, MDF, mesangial cell proliferating factor, MDGF, monocyte-derived growth factor, OBIF, osteoblastogenesis inhibitory factor, ODGF, osteosarcoma-derived growth factor, T47D factor) (Crowley et al, 1995; Heydarkhan-Hagvall et al, 2003; Krettek et al, 1997; Axel et al, 1997; Yang H et al, 2005)
• PDGF-C (Platelet-derived growth factor-C, PDGF-CC, SCDGF, Spinal cord-derived growth factor, fallotein) (Midgley and Khachigian, 2004; Fang et al, 2004; Eitner et al, 2002; Uutela et al, 2001)
•• PDGF-C (Platelet-derived growth factor-C, PDGF-CC, SCDGF, Spinal cord-derived growth factor, fallotein) receptors (Uutela et al, 2001; Suo et al, 2009)
•• PDGF-D (platelet-derived growth factor-D, Iris-expressed growth factor, IEGF, SCDGF-B, Spinal cord-derived growth factor-B) receptors (Uutela et al, 2001)
•• PDGF (platelet-derived growth factor, PDGF-1, PDGF-2, PDGF-A, PDGF-AA, PDGF-B, PDGF-BB, FDGF, fibroblast-derived growth factor, GDGF, glioma-derived growth factor-1, GDGF-2, glioma-derived growth factor-2, GSM, Glucocorticoid-suppressible mitogenic activity, MDF, mesangial cell proliferating factor, MDGF, monocyte-derived growth factor, OBIF, osteoblastogenesis inhibitory factor, ODGF, osteosarcoma-derived growth factor, T47D factor) receptors (Inaba et al, 1995; Lalor et al, 2004; Kamimura et al, 2004; Ichiki et al, 2004; Lo et al, 2001; Yang et al, 2001; Li et al, 2005; Nishishita and Lin, 2004; Lo et al, 2009; Adam et al, 2004; Ito et al, 2009; Wang L et al, 2009; Lo et al, 2009)
• Pentraxin-3 (Pentaxin-3, PTX3, TNFAIP5, tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced protein 5, pentraxin-related gene rapidly induced by IL1-beta, TSG-14, tumor necrosis factor-stimulated gene sequence-14) (Klouche et al, 2004)
• periostin (POSTN, OSF-2, osteoblast-specific factor-2, periostin-like factor, PLF) (Li et al, 2004; Lindner et al, 2005; Jang et al, 2004; Litvin et al, 2007; Wu-Wong JR et al, 2007)
• PI9 (proteinase inhibitor-9, Serpin B9, CAP3, cytoplasmic antiproteinase 3, serine proteinase inhibitor-6, SPI-6) (Young et al (2000)
• Protein S (PROS1, PSA, PS-alpha, protein S-alpha, PSB, PS-beta, protein S-beta, Vitamin K-dependent protein S) (Benzakour et al, 2000)
•• Protein S (PROS1, PSA, PS-alpha, protein S-alpha, PSB, PS-beta, protein S-beta, Vitamin K-dependent protein S) receptors (Benzakour et al, 1995)
• PTHrP (parathyroid hormone-like related protein, PTH-related protein, parathyroid hormone-related protein, PTHR, PTH-related peptide, Parathyroid hormone-related peptide, parathyroid hormone-like hormone, PTHLH) (Jono et al, 1997; Steers et al, 1998; Pirola et al, 1993)
•• PTHrP (parathyroid hormone-like related protein, PTH-related protein, parathyroid hormone-related protein, PTHR, PTH-related peptide, Parathyroid hormone-related peptide, parathyroid hormone-like hormone, PTHLH) receptors (Huang et al, 2003; Jono et al, 1997; Song et al, 2009)

•• peptide YY (PYY, peptide tyrosine tyrosine) receptors (Xiang and Brown, 1993; Sheikh et al, 1991; Zukowska-Grojec et al, 1998; Erlinge et al, 1994)

• RAGE (receptor for advanced glycosylation end products, AGER, advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor) (Abel et al, 1995; Inoue et al, 2007)
• RAMP-1 (receptor activity-modifying protein-1) (Pan et al, 2004; Fukai et al, 2003)
• RAMP-2 (receptor activity-modifying protein-2) (Pan et al, 2004; Qi et al, 2003; Shichiri et al, 2003; Fukai et al, 2003)
• RAMP-3 (receptor activity-modifying protein-3) (Fukai et al, 2003)
• RANK (receptor activator of NF-kappa-B, TNF receptor superfamily member 11A, TNFRSF11A, ODAR, osteoclast differentiation and activation receptor, ODFR, Osteoclast differentiation factor receptor, TRANCER, PDB2, CD265) (Panizo et al, 2009)
•• Reelin (RELN, RL, reeler, CR-50 antigen) receptors (VLDLR, very low density lipoprotein receptor) (Hiltunen et al, 1998)
•• Relaxin (RLN, RLX, RLN1, relaxin 1, relaxin H1, H1 relaxin, RLXH1, RXN1, RLN2, relaxin 2, relaxin H2, H2 relaxin, RLXH2, RXN2, relaxin 1/2) receptors (Bani et al, 1998; Chen B et al, 2009; Kohsaka et al, 1998; Friebe-Hoffmann et al, 2007)
• RGS4 (regulator of G-protein signaling 4) (Morikawa et al, 2004; Wu-Wong JR et al, 2007)
• RGS5 (regulator of G-protein signaling 5) (Li et al, 2004)
• RIG-I (Retinoic acid inducible gene-I, DDX58, DEAD box polypeptide 58, DEAD/H BOX 58) (Imaizumi et al, 2004)
• RXFP1 (LGR7, leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor 7, RLNR, relaxin receptor) (Yao et al, 2009)

• S100 (S100a, S100A1, S100-alpha, S100b, S100-beta, NEF, neurite extension factor) (Mandinova et al, 1998)
• S100A2 (S100L) (Mandinova et al, 1998)
• S100A4 (CAPL, calcium placental protein, Calvasculin, metastasin, 18A2, 42A, P9Ka, pEL98, fibroblast secretory protein-1, FSP-1) (Watanabe et al, 1992; Mandinova et al, 1998)

• S100A6 (calcyclin) (Mandinova et al, 1998)
• SCF (stem cell factor, HLGF-1, hemolymphopoietic growth factor-1), KL, kit ligand, KITL, KITLG, Mast/stem cell growth factor, MGF, mast cell growth factor, SLF, steel factor) (Hollenbeck et al, 2004; Miyamoto et al, 1997; Kassel et al, 1997)
•• SCF (stem cell factor, HLGF-1, hemolymphopoietic growth factor-1), KL, kit ligand, KITL, KITLG, Mast/stem cell growth factor, MGF, mast cell growth factor, SLF, steel factor) receptors (kit, CD117) (Hollenbeck et al, 2004; Orlandi et al, 2008)
•• Secretoneurin (SN, Chromogranin C, CHGC, SCG2, SgII, Secretogranin-2, gonadotrope polypeptide, GP-87, TSP86/84, tyrosine-sulfated protein 86/84 kDa) receptors (Kahler et al, 1997)
• Semaphorin 3A (SEMA3A, SEMA1, Semaphorin 3, sema III, collapsin-1, coll-1, Hsema-I, Semaphorin D, Sem D, SEMAD) (Giordano et al, 2003)
• serum amyloid A (serum amyloid A, SAA, SAA1, serum amyloid A1, SAA2, serum amyloid A2, SAAL, A-SAA, acute phase serum amyloid A) (Kumon et al, 2001)
• sFRP3 (secreted frizzled-related protein 3, frizzled-related protein 1, FrzB1, frizzled B1, FrzB, frizzled B, Fritz, Fiz) (Mao et al, 2000)
•• Slit-2 (RGC growth cone collapsing factor, retinal ganglion cell growth cone collapsing factor) receptors (Liu D et al, 2006)
• Slit-3 (MEGF5, multiple epidermal growth factor-like domains 5) (Zhang B et al, 2009)
• SLUG (SNAI2, snail homolog 2, Snail-2) (Marin and Nieto, 2004)
• SMAD1 (Sma and Mad related protein-1, Mad, Mothers against decapentaplegic, Sma, MADH1, Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 1, Mothers against DPP homolog 1, MADR1, Mad-related protein 1, BSP1, TGF-beta signaling protein-1, JV41) (Chen X et al, 2006; Upton et al, 2008)
• SMAD3 (Sma and Mad related protein-3, MADH3, Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3, Mothers against DPP homolog 3, JV15-2) (Kim et al, 2009)
• SMAD5 (Sma and Mad related protein-5, JV5-1, MADH5, Mothers against DPP homolog 5, Mothers against DPP homolog 5) (Chen X et al, 2006; Upton et al, 2008)
• SMAD6 (Sma and Mad related protein-6, MADH6, Mothers against DPP homolog 6, Mothers against DPP homolog 6) (Vendrov et al, 2006)
• SMAP-8 (smooth muscle-associated protein 8, NDRG4, N-Myc downstream regulated-4, Bdm1) (Nishimoto et al, 2003)
•• somatostatin (SST, Somatotropin release inhibiting hormone, SIH, Somatotropin release inhibiting factor, SRIF, growth hormone-inhibiting hormone, GIH, growth hormone release inhibitory hormone, GH-RIH) receptors (Bitar et al, 1996; Corleto et al, 1997, 1999; Lauder et 1997; Gu et al, 1995; Torrecillas et al, 1999)
•• Sonic hedgehog (Shh) receptors (Morrow et al, 2009)
• Sorcin (soluble resistance-related calcium-binding protein, SRI, SCN, V19, CP22) (Rueda et al, 2006)
• SPAG11 (sperm-associated antigen-11, HE2, [human epididymis secretory protein-2, EP2, epididymis protein-2) (Wu-Wong JR et al, 2007)
• SPARC (secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine, osteonectin, BM-40, 43K glycoprotein) (Puolakkainen et al, 1999)
•• SPARC (secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine, osteonectin, BM-40, 43K glycoprotein) receptors (Motamed et al, 2002)
• sprouty-2 (Spry-2) (Antoine et al, 2005)
• sprouty-3 (Spry-3) (Antoine et al, 2005)
• sprouty-4 (Spry-4) (Antoine et al, 2005)
• stanniocalcin 1 (STC1, STC, STC50, stanniocalcin, hypocalcin, teleocalcin) (Luo et al, 2004) (Meyer-Kirchrath et al, 2004)
• STAT1 (signal transducer and activator of transcription-1, STAT1-alpha, STAT1-beta, p91, Stat91, p84) (Bernard et al, 1999)
• STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription-3, APRF, acute phase response factor, STAT3-alpha, STAT3-beta, STAT3-gamma, STAT3-delta) (Saleh et al, 2009; Lee et al, 2007)
• STIM1 (Stromal interaction molecule 1, GOK) (Aubart et al, 2009)
• substance P (Neurokinin-1, NK1, Tac1, tachykinin 1) (Maghni et al, 2003)
•• substance P (Neurokinin-1, NK1, Tac1, tachykinin-1) receptors (Kummer et al, 1999; Maghni et al, 2003; Sugo et al, 1995)
• surfactant protein D (SP-D, collectin-7, SFTP4, surfactant-associated protein, pulmonary 4, CP4) (Snyder et al, 2008)
• Survivin (SVV, Apoptosis inhibitor 4, API4, TIAP, Thiol inhibitor of apoptosis, BIRC5, baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein-5) (Xu et al, 2007; Bafford et al, 2006; Blanc-Brude et al, 2002)
• Syndecan-1 (CD138, syndecan, SDC1, Synd1, SD-1, 104-9 antigen, 1D4 antigen, B-B2 antigen, B-B4 antigen, Mi15) (Cizmeci-Smith and Carey, 1997; Wang et al, 1997; Vendrov et al, 2006)

• Tachykinins (Maghni et al, 2003)
• TFPI (tissue factor pathway inhibitor, TFPI-1, tissue factor pathway inhibitor-1, PP5, placental protein 5, EPI, extrinsic pathway inhibitor, LACI, lipoprotein-associated coagulation inhibitor, REF-1, RPE cell factor, retinal pigment epithelial cell factor-1) (Ghrib et al, 2002, Mirshahi et al, 2002; Bajaj et al, 1999; Pendurthi et al, 1999; Wu et al, 2008)
• TFPI-2 (tissue factor pathway inhibitor-2, MSPI, matrix-associated serine protease inhibitor) (Shinoda et al, 1999; Blindt et al, 2002)
•• TGF-alpha (transforming growth factor-alpha, TGFA, TGF-A, MDGF-2, milk-derived growth factor-2, TCGF, transformed cell growth factor, wa-1, waved-1) receptors (Yamanaka et al, 2001)
• TGF-beta (transforming growth factor-beta, TGFB, B-TGF, Aqueous humor lymphocyte inhibitory activity, DIF, differentiation-inhibiting factor, EGI, epithelial cell-specific growth inhibitor; epithelial growth inhibitor, EIF, Epstein-Barr virus inducing factor, Epithelial cell growth inhibiting factor, G-TsF, glioma-derived T-cell suppressor factor, MDGF, milk-derived growth factor, MGF, milk growth factor, Polyergin, Simian BSC-1 cell growth inhibitor, SP factor, TCGF, transformed cell growth factor, TGI, tissue-derived growth inhibitor, TIF-1, tumor inducing factor-1) (Heydarkhan-Hagvall et al, 2003; Schmidt et al, 2003; Sheares et al, 2004; Axel et al, 1997; Nishishita and Lin, 2004; Fries et al, 2005)
• TGF-beta-3 (transforming growth factor-beta-3, TGFB3) (Wu-Wong et al, 2007)
•• TGF-beta (transforming growth factor-beta, TGFB, B-TGF, Aqueous humor lymphocyte inhibitory activity, DIF, differentiation-inhibiting factor, EGI, epithelial cell-specific growth inhibitor; epithelial growth inhibitor, EIF, Epstein-Barr virus inducing factor, Epithelial cell growth inhibiting factor, G-TsF, glioma-derived T-cell suppressor factor, MDGF, milk-derived growth factor, MGF, milk growth factor, Polyergin, Simian BSC-1 cell growth inhibitor, SP factor, TCGF, transformed cell growth factor, TGI, tissue-derived growth inhibitor, TIF-1, tumor inducing factor-1) receptors (Agrotis et al, 1996; Wen et al, 2003; Makino et al, 2002; Ye et al, 1997; Sugo et al, 2001; Nishishita and Lin, 2004; Samarakoon and Higgins, 2008; Ito et al, 2009)
•• Thrombin (coagulation factor-2, factor IIa) receptors (Elshaw et al, 2004; Hirade et al, 2002; Richard et al, 2004; Bretschneider et al, 2003; Arisato et al, 2003; Lalor et al, 2004; Sugo et al, 1995; Brandes et al, 2001; Schini-Kerth et al, 1996; Yang et al, 1997; Kranzhofer et al, 1996; Sugo et al, 2001; Sastre et al, 2008; Kim et al, 2005; Vendrov et al, 2006; Huang YL et al, 2009)
• Thrombospondin-1 (Thrombospondin, TSP1, TSP, THBS1) (Wu-Wong JR et al, 2007)
•• Thrombospondin-1 (Thrombospondin, TSP1, TSP, THBS1) receptors (Lee et al, 2003; Lymn et al, 2002)
• TIMP-1 (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1, TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1, TIMP, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases, HCI, human collagenase inhibitor, CLGI, 3/10, 16C8, Fibroblast elongation factor, fibroblast collagenase inhibitor, B1 anticollagenase, Beta-1 anticollagenase, EPA, erythroid promoting activity, embryogenin-1, TPA-S1, TPA-induced protein S1) (Elshaw et al, 2004; Arihiro et al, 2001; Kato et al, 2000; Pickering et al, 1997; Torres et al, 1999; Luan et al, 2003; Galis et al, 1994; Pickering et al, 1997; Elshaw et al, 2004; Akahane et al, 2004; Ito et al, 2009; Vendrov et al, 2006)
• TIMP-2 (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2, TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 2, CSC-21K, MI, CHIAMP, Chondrocyte-derived inhibitor of angiogenesis and metalloproteinase activity) (Elshaw et al, 2004; Pickering et al, 1997; Luan et al, 2003; Galis et al, 1994; Castoldi et al, 2007; Doronzo et al, 2005; Cheng et al, 2005; Blindt et al, 2002; Wen et al, 2002; Grandas et al, 2008)
• TIMP-3 (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-3, TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 3, mitogen-inducible gene 5, mig-5; SFD, Sorsby fundus dystrophy) (Pross et al, 2002; Pickering et al, 1997; Blindt et al, 2002; Reddy et al, 2009; Kim et al, 2009; Vendrov et al, 2006)
• TIMP-4 (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-4, TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 4) (Koskivirta et al, 2006)
• Tissue factor (TF, TFA, thromboplastin, tissue thromboplastin, CD142, factor III, factor 3, F3, FIII, coagulation factor III) (Kamimura et al, 2004; Shinoda et al, 1999; Mirshahi et al, 2002; Nishibe et al, 2001; Ovanesov et al, 2005; Maynard et al, 1977; Wu et al, 2008; Payeli et al, 2008; Liu et al, 2008)
• TLR-2 (Toll-like receptor-2, TIL-4, Toll-interleukin-1 receptor-like-4, Ly105, lymphocyte antigen 105, CD282) (Lee et al, 2004; Yang et al, 2005; Vendrov et al, 2006)
• TLR-4 (Toll-like receptor-4, human Toll, TOLL, Ly87, Rasl2-8, CD284) (Niimi et al, 2007; Heo et al, 2008; Ji et al, 2009)
• TNFAIP2 (tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced protein 2, TNF-alpha-induced protein 2, B94) (Vendrov et al, 2006)
• TNF-alpha (tumor necrosis factor-alpha, TNFSF2, TNF ligand superfamily member 2, Cachectin, CF, cytotoxic factor, CTX, cytotoxin, DIF, differentiation inducing factor, EP, endogenous pyrogens, Hemorrhagic factor, Macrophage-derived cytotoxic factor, J774-derived cytotoxic factor, MCF, macrophage cytotoxic factor, MCT, macrophage cytotoxin, MD-FGF, monocyte-derived fibroblast growth factor, PCF, peritoneal cytotoxic factor, RCF, Released cytotoxic factor) (Reddy et al, 2009; Ji et al, 2009)
•• TNF-alpha (tumor necrosis factor-alpha, TNFSF2, TNF ligand superfamily member 2, Cachectin, CF, cytotoxic factor, CTX, cytotoxin, DIF, differentiation inducing factor, EP, endogenous pyrogens, Hemorrhagic factor, Macrophage-derived cytotoxic factor, J774-derived cytotoxic factor, MCF, macrophage cytotoxic factor, MCT, macrophage cytotoxin, MD-FGF, monocyte-derived fibroblast growth factor, PCF, peritoneal cytotoxic factor, RCF, Released cytotoxic factor) receptors (Amrani et al, 2000; Pype et al, 1999; Shi and Sarna, 2005 Lajoie-Kadoch et al, 2006; Bafford et al, 2006; Lee et al, 2006; Wang L et al, 2009)
• TNFAIP1 (tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced protein 1, TNF-alpha-induced protein 1, TNFAIP, tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced protein, TNF-alpha-induced protein, B12, EDP1, endothelial TNF-alpha-induced protein 1) (Stojakovic et al, 2007)
• TNFRSF22 (TNF receptor superfamily member 22, TNFRH2, TNF receptor homolog 2, DcTRAILR1, decoy TRAIL receptor 1) (Vendrov et al, 2006)
• TNFRSF23 (TNF receptor superfamily member 23, TNFRH1, TNF receptor homolog 1, DcTRAILR2, decoy TRAIL receptor 2) (Vendrov et al, 2006)
• TRAF1 (TNF receptor associated factor-1, Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor-1, EBI-6, EBV induced gene-6) (Stojakovic et al, 2007)
•• TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand, APO-2 ligand, APO-2L, TL2, TNF-like-2, TNF ligand superfamily member 10, TNFSF10, Ly81, CD253) receptors (Secchiero et al, 2004)
• TREM-1 (triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1) (Wu-Wong JR et al, 2007)
• TSG-6 (tumor necrosis factor-stimulated gene sequence-6, TNFAIP6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced protein 6, TNFIP6, tumor necrosis factor-induced protein 6, PS4) (Ye et al, 1997)
•• TWEAK (TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis, APO-3L, APO-3 ligand, DR3LG, DR3 ligand, TNF ligand superfamily member 12, TNFSF12) receptors (TWEAKR, TNFRSF12A, TNF receptor superfamily member 12A, Fn-14, fibroblast growth factor-inducible-14, CD266) (Munoz-Garcia et al, 2006; Vendrov et al, 2006)

• UGIF (U4F-derived growth inhibitory factor, ps20 growth inhibitor, WFDC1, WAP 4-disulfide core domain 1, prostate stromal protein 20 kDa) (Larsen et al, 1998; McAlhany et al, 2003)
• Urocortin-3 (UCN3, stresscopin, SCP) (Saruta et al, 2005)
•• Urocortin-3 (UCN3, stresscopin, SCP) receptors (Saruta et al, 2005)
• urocortin (UCN, Urocortin-1, Urotensin-1) receptors (Kageyama et al, 2003)
• urokinase-type plasminogen activator (Helenius et al, 2008)
•• urotensin-2 (UTS-2, UTN-2, U2) receptors (Chen et al, 2001; Chen et al, 2004; Tsai et al, 2009)

•• Vasopressin (Arginine vasopressin, Arg-Vasopressin, AVP, ARVP, VP, Antidiuretic hormone, ADH, Adiuretin, Vasotocin, Pituitrin P, Pitressin, arginine-vasopressin-neurophysin II, vasopressin-neurophysin 2-copeptin, AVP-NpII) receptors (Byron and Lucchesi, 2002; Cottet-Maire et al, 2001; Krauskopf et al, 2003; Kaplan-Albuquerque et al, 2003)
• Vasorin (VASN, SLITL2, slit-like-2) (Ikeda et al, 2004)
• VASP (Vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein) (Reinhard et al, 1992)
• VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF-A, vascular endothelial growth factor A, VEGF-1, vascular endothelial growth factor-1, VEG/PF, vascular endothelial growth factor/vascular permeability factor, GD-VEGF, glioma-derived vascular endothelial growth factor, VAS, Vasculotropin, Vascular endothelial cell proliferation factor, VPF, vascular permeability factor, FSdGF, Folliculo stellate cell-derived growth factor) (Knox et al, 2001; Wen et al, 2003; Jung et al, 2001; Doronzo et al, 2004; Heydarkhan-Hagvall et al, 2003; Smith et al, 2001; Hojo et al, 2000; Stocks et al, 2005; Alagappan et al, 2007; Heo et al, 2008; Shin et al, 2008; Morrow et al, 2009; Feng et al, 1999)
•• VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF-A, vascular endothelial growth factor A, VEGF-1, vascular endothelial growth factor-1, VEG/PF, vascular endothelial growth factor/vascular permeability factor, GD-VEGF, glioma-derived vascular endothelial growth factor, VAS, Vasculotropin, Vascular endothelial cell proliferation factor, VPF, vascular permeability factor, FSdGF, Folliculo stellate cell-derived growth factor) receptors (Liu W et al, 2005; Wang et al, 1998; Ishida et al, 2001; Banerjee et al, 2008)
• VEGFR1 (VEGF receptor-1, flt, fms-like tyrosine kinase, flt-1, fms-like tyrosine kinase-1; FRT, fms-related tyrosine kinase) (Vendrov et al, 2006; Yang H et al, 2005)

• VEGFR2 (VEGF receptor-2, KDR, kinase insert domain receptor, flk-1, fetal liver kinase-1, CD309, Quek-1, quail endothelial kinase-1) (Yang H et al, 2005)

• VEGFR3 (VEGF receptor-3, flt-4, fms-like tyrosine kinase-4) (Yang H et al, 2005)
• VEGF-121 (VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF-A, vascular endothelial growth factor A, VEGF-1, vascular endothelial growth factor-1, VEG/PF, vascular endothelial growth factor/vascular permeability factor, GD-VEGF, glioma-derived vascular endothelial growth factor, VAS, Vasculotropin, Vascular endothelial cell proliferation factor, VPF, vascular permeability factor, FSdGF, Folliculo stellate cell-derived growth factor) (Knox et al, 2001)
• VEGF-165 (VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF-A, vascular endothelial growth factor A, VEGF-1, vascular endothelial growth factor-1, VEG/PF, vascular endothelial growth factor/vascular permeability factor, GD-VEGF, glioma-derived vascular endothelial growth factor, VAS, Vasculotropin, Vascular endothelial cell proliferation factor, VPF, vascular permeability factor, FSdGF, Folliculo stellate cell-derived growth factor) (Knox et al, 2001)

• VEGF-189 (VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF-A, vascular endothelial growth factor A, VEGF-1, vascular endothelial growth factor-1, VEG/PF, vascular endothelial growth factor/vascular permeability factor, GD-VEGF, glioma-derived vascular endothelial growth factor, VAS, Vasculotropin, Vascular endothelial cell proliferation factor, VPF, vascular permeability factor, FSdGF, Folliculo stellate cell-derived growth factor) (Knox et al, 2001)
• VEGF-206 (VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF-A, vascular endothelial growth factor A, VEGF-1, vascular endothelial growth factor-1, VEG/PF, vascular endothelial growth factor/vascular permeability factor, GD-VEGF, glioma-derived vascular endothelial growth factor, VAS, Vasculotropin, Vascular endothelial cell proliferation factor, VPF, vascular permeability factor, FSdGF, Folliculo stellate cell-derived growth factor) (Knox et al, 2001)
• VEGF-C (vascular endothelial growth factor C, VEGF-2, Vascular endothelial growth factor-2, flt-4 ligand, flt-4L) (Hu et al, 1997; Paavonen et al, 2002)
• VEGF-D (vascular endothelial growth factor D, FIGF, fos induced growth factor) (Teng et al, 2002; Paavonen et al, 2002; Vendrov et al, 2006)
•• VE-statin (vascular endothelial statin, VEMF, EGFL7, EGF-like-7; EGF-like domain containing protein-7) receptors (Soncin et al, 2003)
•• VIP (vasoactive intestinal peptide) receptors (Van Assche et al, 1999; Rekik et al, 1996; Sugo et al, 1995; Tuck et al, 2004)
• vitronectin (VN, VTN, Epibolin, Serum spreading factor, SF, Membrane attack complex inhibitor, S protein, Protein X, Complement S protein, PAIBP, Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 binding protein, Somatomedin B) (Wu-Wong JR et al, 2007)

• WISP-2 (Wnt-1 induced secreted protein-2, Wnt1-inducible signaling pathway protein-2, CCN5, CTGF-L, connective tissue growth factor-like, COP-1) (Delmolino et al, 2001; Lake and Castellot, 2004)
• Wnt-1 (int-1) (Wang et al, 2004)
• Wnt-2 (IRP, int-1-related protein, INT1L1, int-1-like 1) (Goodwin et al, 2006)
• Wnt-2b (Wnt-13, Wnt-2b1, Wnt-2b2) (Goodwin et al, 2006)
• Wnt-3 (int-4) (Goodwin et al, 2006)
•• Wnt-3a receptors (Mikhaylova et al, 2007)
• Wnt-4 (Goodwin et al, 2006)
• Wnt-5a (Goodwin et al, 2006)
• Wnt-5b (Goodwin et al, 2006)
• Wnt-6 (Goodwin et al, 2006)
• Wnt-7a (Goodwin et al, 2006)
• Wnt-7b (Goodwin et al, 2006)
• Wnt-9a (Wnt-14) (Goodwin et al, 2006)
• Wnt-11 (slb, silberblick) (Goodwin et al, 2006)
• Wnt-15 (Goodwin et al, 2006)

MODIFIED: November 2009

See REFERENCES for entry smooth muscle cells

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