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CD27

This cell surface antigen is known also as 1A4, Tp55 (human), T14, or S152 (murine). Due to its homology to other members of the TNF receptor superfamily the designation TNFRSF7 [TNF receptor superfamily member 7] is used also.

The human CD27 gene maps to chromosome 12p13. It encodes a transmembrane glycoprotein of 55 kDa (Tp55) which forms a disulfide-linked homodimer on resting T-cells. Following cell activation a 55 kDa monomer and a 32 kDa variant can be expressed also.

A soluble form of CD27 (sCD27; 32 kDa) derived from the transmembrane form is detected in the conditioned medium of T-cells activated with antibodies directed against CD3 or combinations of antibodies against CD2 antibodies and found in both serum and urine from healthy donors. sCD27 levels are significantly elevated in cerebrospinal fluid of multiple sclerosis patients and of patients suffering from other inflammatory neurological diseases.

CD27 belongs to a recently characterized family of cysteine-rich receptors with known ligands including NGF, TNF-alpha and TNF-beta. Structural similarities suggest that CD27 belongs to a lymphocyte-specific subgroup of the family, comprised of the B-cell antigen CD40, the lymphoid activation antigen CD30, the rat T-cell subset antigen OX40, the mouse T-cell activation antigen 4-1BB, the cell surface FAS antigen, and the pox virus gene product T2. Several members of this family play a role in cell differentiation, proliferation, and survival.

CD27 is present on a large subset (75 %) of peripheral T-lymphocytes and most medullary thymocytes. Membrane expression of CD27 strongly increases after cell activation of T-cells via the TCR/CD3 complex or the CD2 molecule. The expression of CD27 is decreased by Phorbol esters. CD27(-) cells can be induced to express the CD27 antigen through stimulation with immobilized antibodies against CD3. Some anti-CD27 antibodies appear to increase T-cell proliferation while others inhibit the activation of T-cells. The expression of CD27 on activated T-cells is rapidly downregulated by treatment with some anti-CD27 antibodies.

CD27(+) T-cells are present in the subpopulations that are CD4(+) or CD8(+). CD27 is expressed preferentially on the CD45RA(+) CD45R0(-) CD29(low) subset of CD4(+) cells. CD27 is expressed also on a subpopulation of the normal human B-cell lineage which is absent from cord blood but present in tonsils and in the peripheral blood of adult individuals. It is expressed also by some B-lymphoblastoid cell lines.

CD27 on B-cells can be induced selectively by the combination of Staphylococcus aureus plus IL2, but not by either treatment alone. CD27(+) B-lymphocytes express high levels of the adhesion structures CD11a (LFA-1), CD54 (ICAM-1), CD58 (LFA-3) and of the homing receptor for lymphocytes, CD44.

After in vitro stimulation, B-cells expressing CD27 (but not CD27(-) cells) secrete large amounts of both IgM and IgG. Three functionally different subsets of B-cells representing distinct stages of differentiation have been observed: CD27(-) IgD(+) B-cells do not secrete appreciable Ig; CD27(+) IgD(+) B-cells exclusively secrete IgM; CD27(+) IgD(-) B-cells produce IgG. CD27 has been identified as a marker for memory B-cells (Agematsu et al, 2000, Klein et al, 1998). Ligation of CD27 on B-cells has been shown to inhibit terminal differentiation of activated murine B-cells into plasma cells. This inhibition is accompanied by an enhanced movement of activated B-cells toward differentiation into memory cells (Raman et al, 2003).

Some resting peripheral blood natural killer cells also express CD27 and this expression is upregulated by IL2. The cytolytic activity of IL2-activated, but not resting, NK-cells is inhibited by an anti-CD27 monoclonal antibody so that it can be assumed that CD27 also plays an important role in the regulation of activated NK-cells.

Ribot et al (2009) have shown that most Gamma-Delta T-cells express CD27 and secrete IFN-gamma, whereas IL17 production is restricted to CD27(-)Gamma-Delta T-cells.

CD27 has been shown to be the receptor for a ligand (CD27 ligand or CD27L; new designation: CD70, see also: CD antigens) which is a transmembrane glycoprotein of 194 amino acids with an extracellular carboxyterminal domain (type 2 transmembrane protein). It displays homology with CD40 ligand (see: TRAP, TNF-related activation protein) and the ligand for CD30. Based on its homology with other members of the TNF ligand protein superfamily the protein is referred to also as TNFSF7 [TNF ligand superfamily member 7]. The gene encoding CD27L maps to human chromosome 19p13.

CD27L enhances the generation of cytolytic cells in the presence of suboptimal concentrations of a mitogen and may be involved, therefore, in T-cell maturation. CD40L also induces proliferation of costimulated T-cells in the presence of antisera directed against IL2. Since CD27L is a ligand expressed on the cell surface it may be involved in direct cell-to-cell interactions between T-cells.

For additional information on CD antigens see also: CD antigens MiniCOPE Dictionary.

LAST MODIFIED: 15/03/1999

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