NleE |
NleH |
CMKBR2 |
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[non-LEE-encoded effector F] NleF is found in enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli. The term refers to the fact that NleF and a large group of other pathogenicity-related genes are not encoded by a pathogenicity island in chromosome known as the LEE [locus of enterocyte effacement] (for overview see also: Dean and Kenny, 2009). NleF is secreted and is translocated into host cells in vitro where it localizes to the host cytoplasm. The protein does not contribute significantly to bacterial adherence, host cytoskeletal remodeling, or host protein secretion, but is thought to contribute to bacterial colonization (Echtenkamp et al, 2008).
NleF plays a role in counter-acting apoptotic responses to infection. Blasche et al (2013) have shown that NleF binds to caspase-4,
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