PEM

[polymorphic epithelial mucin] The PEM gene encodes a polymorphic mucin expressed abundantly by glandular epithelia and carcinomas derived thereof (Gendler et al, 1990). PEM is expressed by normal and malignant epithelial cells, but the carbohydrate side chains of the cancer-associated protein are shorter (Hanisch et al, 1989; Hull et al, 1989). Cancer cells express new carbohydrate and protein core epitopes, which show a restricted distribution on normal cells. The antibody SM-3 (Burchell et al, 1987) reacts with a core protein epitope (Burchell et al, 1989) exposed selectively in breast and other carcinomas (Burchell et al, 1989; Girling et al, 1989). Exposure of core protein epitopes (overlapping the SM3 epitope) are recognized by T-cells isolated from cancer patients (Barnd et al, 1989; Jerome et al, 1991).

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