co-receptor

any cell surface molecule that modulates the effects of the interaction between a ligand and its signaling receptor.

The T-cell surface molecules CD4 and CD8, for example, are co-receptors that increase the interaction between the T-cell receptor and MHC molecules on antigen-presenting cells. CD4 and CD8 act independently and bind to different parts of the MHC molecule, helping to stabilise the interaction. Some of the receptors for chemokines (CCR5, CX3CR1, and the viroceptor US28) have been shown to function as co-receptors, interacting with the HIV receptor and facilitating HIV entry.

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Entry last modified: March 2006