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dally

[division abnormally delayed] dally is a Drosophila melanogaster member of the glypican family of integral membrane proteoglycans. It affects a number of patterning events during embryonic and larval development by regulating the activity of secreted growth factors. Jackson et al (1997) have shown that dally is required during development for normal signaling of Decapentaplegic, a member of the TGF-beta family of growth factors that serves as a morphogen by forming a long-range concentration gradient to direct the anteroposterior patterning of the wing. Belenkaya et al (2004) have reported that dally and dally-like protein restrict extracellular diffusion of decapentaplegic. Ectopic expression of dally alters the patterning activity of decapentaplegic. Takeo et al (2005) have reported that a transmembrane form has the same, but weaker, activities as the wild-type protein, whereas a secreted form of Dally shows a weak dominant negative activity on decapentaplegic signal transduction. The expression of the secreted form also causes patterning defects and a substantial overgrowth of tissues and animals through the expansion of the action range of hedgehog. Han et al (2004) have reported that dally and dally-like protein are essential for controlling the cell-to-cell movement of the signaling molecule Hedgehog, which functions as a morphogen to pattern a field of cells in animal development. Desbordes and Sanson (2003) have reported that Dally-like protein is required for Hedgehog signaling in the embryonic epidermis of Drosophila melanogaster.

Han et al (2003) have reported that the combined actions of Dally and a related, dally-like protein, Dlp, control gradients in the wing disc of wingless, the founding member of the Wnt family of secreted proteins. Wingless is a morphogen that provides positional cues for wing patterning by acting through the wingless receptors Frizzled (Fz) and Fz2, and the wingless co-receptor, Arrow.

Franch-Marro et al (2005) have reported that dally and dally-like protein participate in normal Wingless function, although embryos lacking maternal and zygotic activity of both genes are still capable of transducing the signal from overexpressed Wingless. Dally probably acts as a classical co-receptor, whereas Dally-like protein captures Wingless and passes it on to neighbouring cells, either for paracrine signaling or for further transport, instead of presenting it to signaling receptors.

LAST MODIFIED: June 2006

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