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PC12

A cell line established from a spontaneous rat pheochromocytoma derived from chromaffin cells of the suprarenal medulla. These undifferentiated cells resemble immature adrenal chromaffin cells. These chromaffin cells are related closely to sympathetic neurons and can differentiate into sympathetic neurons in the presence of NGF.

PC12 cells are used for studies of the biological effects of NGF and Neurotrophins. They have been used extensively to investigate the molecular biology of early response gene, which has led to the identification of many different TIS genes.

PC12 cells can be maintained indefinitely in culture in the absence of NGF. Addition of this growth factor induces differentiation into cell types resembling sympathetic neurons. Neurite outgrowth is used to detect NGF (see also: bioassays). The activities of NGF can be inhibited specifically by K252a. Differentiation of the cells can be recognized by the outgrowth of long neurites, the synthesis of neuronal enzymes such as choline acetyltransferase, and the generation of an excitable membrane potential. NGF also induces the synthesis of IL1 in PC12 cells.

The outgrowth of neurites in PC12 cells can be induced also by bFGF, which is as potent as NGF in this respect. The injection of anti-ras antibodies into PC12 cells blocks cell differentiation induced by NGF and bFGF, suggesting that the oncogene ras is an essential component of receptor mediated signal transduction processes.

Neurite outgrowth is observed also after treatment of PC12 cells with MDDF (MLE 15A2-derived differentiation factor). A factor that induces neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells pretreated with NGF has been isolated from a transformed cell line. This factor is identical with IL6.

NGF and Staurosporine have been shown to induce the synthesis of Annexin-2 in PC12 cells.

Gene expression of rat NPY increases by 100 times in rat PC12 pheochromocytoma cells differentiating into sympathetic neuron-like cells in response to NGF (Higuchi et al, 1992)

For an overview of other cell lines used in research on cytokines see: Cell lines in Cytokine Research. For other relevant entries see also: Cell types.

See REFERENCES for entry PC12

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