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basophils

Basophils are a type of bone marrow-derived granulocytes (basophilic granulocytes) that comprise less than 1 % of the circulating leukocytes. The nuclei aqre less heterochromatic than those of other granulocytes and stains with basophilic dyes (see also: basophil cells). These cells contain large irregularly shaped specific granules that often obscure the multilobed nucleus. These specific granules are similar to granules of mast cells in that they contain histamine and a heparin-like compound.

Tissue basophils resemble mast cells although their biochemical and morphological features may differ, depending upon the kind of tissue they reside in. They are differentiated from blood basophils by the fact that they are often twice the size of blood basophils, and have irregular and frequently elongated spindle shapes with cytoplasmic extensions.

Basophils arise from CD34(+) progenitor cells found in cord blood, peripheral blood, and the bone marrow, in particular cells that are CD34(+), express the receptors for IL3 and IL5 and are considered eosinophil basophil progenitors (Boyce et al, 1995). Basophils complete their differentiation within the bone marrow, whereas precursors of mast cells leave the bone marrow and differentiate into mast cells after having invaded connective or mucosal tissues.

Basophils have long been regarded as circulating mast cells and share a number of characteristics with eosinophils but blood basophils and mast cells are distinct hematopoietic cells (Falcone et al, 2000). Mature basophils can be distinguished phenotypically from mast cells. Basophils express the alpha chain of the IL3 receptor, which is not expressed by mast cells. Mast cells erxpress the kit receptor (SCF receptor, which is not expressed, or only weakly, on mature basophils).

Basophils play an important role in inflammatory reactions and as multifunctional effector cells in IgE-mediated reactions and are recruited rapidly to various organs sites during allergic late phase reactions (Charlesworth et al, 1989; Liu et al, 1991; Bascom et al, 1988). They have been identified as antigen-capturing cells that may function as important regulators of humoral immune responses.

Basophils release a plethora of potent inflammatory mediators from their cytoplasmic granules upon appropriate stimulation. This process is called degranulation. Degranulation can be caused by a wide range of signals, including high temperature, mechanical trauma, ionizing, toxins, venoms, proteases, tissue proteases, cationic proteins derived from eosinophils and neutrophils, IgE-dependent mechanisms, or IgE-independent immune mechanisms, for example through complement factors. Low molecular weight mediators include histamine, serotonin, prostaglandins, leukotrienes. It is the contents of basophil granules released in response to the presence of allergens that cause increased vascular permeability, smooth muscle spasm, vasodilation, and the clinical symptoms of an allergic reaction.

Many different factors are involved in the regulation of functional activities of basophils and influence their adhesion properties, migration, localization, proliferation, and phenotype.

For related information see also: Cell types, Cell lines in Cytokine Research, Cell culture. For other entries pertaining to hematopoiesis see also the Hematology Dictionary section of this encyclopedia.

Basophils have been shown to possess the capacity to express the proteins listed below. Please note the following general observation: expression may be influenced by tissue localization, may occur only in discrete subpopulations of cells, may vary between established cell lines, primary cells, embryonic cells, mature cells, fully differentiated cells, activated cells, non-activated cells or growth conditions (confluent vs. sparse cultures), may be influenced by various disease states (including cancer environment), and may differ between species.
Note also: expression profile information lists entities only for which there is an entry in COPE or one of its subdictionaries.

The meaning of • and •• is as follows: • factor/protein is expressed; •• receptor (or, in some instances, binding sites) for this factor/protein is expressed. For further explanations concerning format, "hidden" information, and/or ambiguities see my remarks in the entry cell types.

• Annexin-1 (Annexin A1, ANX1, ANXA1, lipocortin-1, LPC1, LCT1, LC1, Lipo1, macrocortin, renocortin, lipomodulin, GIF, glycosylation inhibiting factor, CB9, chromobindin-9, calpactin-2) (Morand et al, 1995)

• basigin (BSG, CD147, EMMPRIN, extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer, 5A11, CE-9, Collagenase stimulatory factor, gp42, HT7, M6, neurothelin, Oka blood group antigen, OX47) (Wimazal et al, 1999)
• Basogranulin (BB1) (McEuen et al, 2001)
• BCLxL (BCL2-like-1, BCL2L1) (Didichenko et al, 2008)
• BIRC3 (baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein-3, API2, Apoptosis inhibitor 2, CA2_1, MIHC, mammalian IAP homolog C, HIAP1, Human inhibitor of apoptosis protein-1, cIAP2, cellular IAP2, TNFR2-TRAF signaling complex protein 1, RNF49, RING finger protein 49) (Didichenko et al, 2008)
• Bsp-1 (Valent et al, 1990; Bodger et al, 1987)

• C3a receptors (Fureder et al, 2001)
•• CCL2 (CC chemokine ligand 2, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2, GDCF, Glioma-derived monocyte chemotactic factor-2, GDCF-2, HC11, JE, LDCF, MCAF, MCP, monocyte chemoattractant protein, MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, SMC-CF, smooth muscle cell chemotactic factor, TDCF, tumor-derived chemotactic factors, TSG-8, tumor necrosis factor-stimulated gene sequence-8, SCYA2) receptors (Alam et al, 1992; Kuna et al, 1993)
• CCL3 (CC chemokine ligand 3, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 3, MIP-1-alpha, macrophage inflammatory protein-1-alpha, 464.1, GOS-19-1, L2G25B, LD78, LD78-alpha, SCI, stem cell inhibition factor, stem cell inhibitor, TY5, SCYA3, SCYA3L1) (Ying et al, 2001; Li et al, 1996)
•• CCL3 (CC chemokine ligand 3, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 3, MIP-1-alpha, macrophage inflammatory protein-1-alpha, 464.1, GOS-19-1, L2G25B, LD78, LD78-alpha, SCI, stem cell inhibition factor, stem cell inhibitor, TY5, SCYA3, SCYA3L1) receptors (Kuna et al, 1993; Li et al, 1996)
•• CCL4 (CC chemokine ligand 4, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4, SCYA4, ACT-2, Immune activation gene-2, 744.1, G26, H400, HC21, Cytokine 21, human, LAG-1, lymphocyte activation gene-1, MIP-1-beta, macrophage inflammatory protein-1-beta, SIS-gamma) receptors (Kuna et al, 1993)
•• CCL5 (CC chemokine ligand 5, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5, RANTES, EoCP-1, Eosinophil chemotactic polypeptide-1, SIS-delta, TCP228, T-cell-specific protein p228, SCYA5) receptors (Alam et al, 1992; Kuna et al, 1993)
• CCL11 (CC chemokine ligand 11, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 11, SCYA11, Eotaxin, Eotaxin-1) (Gilmartin et al, 2008)
•• CCL11 (CC chemokine ligand 11, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 11, SCYA11, Eotaxin, Eotaxin-1) receptors (Menzies-Gow et al, 2002)
• CCL15 (CC chemokine ligand 15, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 15, HCC2, hemofiltrate CC-Chemokine-2, NCC3, new CC chemokine-3, MIP-5, macrophage inflammatory protein-5, Lkn-1, leukotactin-1, MIP-1-delta, macrophage inflammatory protein-1-delta, HMRP-2B, human MIP-related protein 2B, SCYL3, SCYA15) (Gilmartin et al, 2008)
• CCL22 (CC chemokine ligand 22, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 22, ABCD-1, DC/B-Ck, dendritic cell/B-cell derived chemokine, MDC, Human macrophage-derived chemokine STCP-1, stimulated T-cell chemotactic protein, SCYA22) (Watanabe et al, 2008)
•• CCL24 (CC chemokine ligand 24, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 24, MPIF-2, Myeloid progenitor inhibitory factor-2, Ck-beta-6, Chemokine-beta-6, eotaxin-2, SCYA24) receptors (Menzies-Gow et al, 2002)
• CCR1 (CC-Chemokine receptor 1, RANTES receptor, MIP-1-alpha receptor, LD78 receptor, CC-CKR1, HM145, YT4, CD191, CMKBR1, chemokine-beta receptor 1) (Iikura et al, 2001; Ying et al, 2001)
• CCR2 (CC-Chemokine receptor 2, CC-CKR2A, CCR2A, CC-CKR2B, CCR2B, MCP-1 receptor A, MCP-1 receptor B, CMKBR2, chemokine-beta receptor 2, CD192) (Iikura et al, 2001; Heinemann et al, 2000; Ochensberger et al, 1999; Garcia-Zepeda et al, 1996)
• CCR3 (CC-Chemokine receptor 3, CC-CKR3, Eotaxin receptor, CMKBR3, chemokine-beta receptor 3, MIP-1-alpha RL2, MIP-1-alpha receptor-like-2, CD193) (Iikura et al, 2001; Heinemann et al, 2000; Ying et al, 1999; Ochensberger et al, 1999; Garcia-Zepeda et al, 1996; Uguccioni et al, 1997; Ying et al, 1999)
• CCR4 (CC-Chemokine receptor 4, CC-CKR4, CKR4, CMKBR4, chemokine-beta receptor 4, K5-5, CD194) (Power et al, 1995)
• CCR5 (CC-Chemokine receptor 5, CC-CKR5, CMKBR5, ChemR13, CD195) (Iikura et al, 2001)
• CD4 (T4, Leu3, OKT4, L3T4, Ly4, W3/25, OX38, OX35) (Stain et al, 1987)
• CD9 (602-29 antigen, ALB6 antigen, BA2, BTCC-1, DRAP-27, Diphtheria toxin receptor associated protein 27 kDa, GIG2, MIC3, MRP-1, Motility-related protein-1, NCA, neural cell surface antigen, p24, SH-9, TSPAN29, tetraspanin 29) (Stain et al, 1987; Han et al, 2008)
• CD11a (ITGAL, integrin-alpha-L, LFA-1, Ly15, Ly21, LFA-1, lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1, LFA-1-alpha, lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1-alpha, neutrophil adherence receptor alpha-M subunit, OND(a), OND) (Fureder et al, 1994; Sperr et al, 1992; Toba et al, 1999; Bodger and Newton, 1987)
• CD11b (CR3, CR3a, complement receptor-3, C3bi receptor, ITGAM, integrin-alpha-M, HNA4a, human neutrophil antigen 4a, MART, MART(a), Mo1, Ly40, Mac-1, OKM1, OX42, VIM12) (Fureder et al, 1994, 1995, 2001; Hartnell et al, 2004; Sperr et al, 1992; Monneret et al, 2005; Yoshimura-Uchiyama et al, 2003; Kepley et al, 1998)
• CD11c (CR4, complement receptor-4, iC3b receptor, ITGAX, integrin-alpha-X, Leu M5, myeloid membrane antigen, OX42, p150,95) (Fureder et al, 1994, 1995, 2001; Sperr et al, 1992; Siegmund et al, 2000; Toba et al, 1999)
• CD13 (alanyl aminopeptidase, AAP, ANPEP, alpha-aminoacyl-peptide hydrolase (microsomal), aminopeptidase N, PEPN, APN, APM, aminopeptidase M, EC3.4.11.2, LAP1, microsomal aminopeptidase, MY7, MCS-2, gp150) (Fureder et al, 1994; Griffin et al, 1981; Toba et al, 1999; Stain et al, 1987; Bodger and Newton, 1987; Han et al, 2008; Seldin et al, 1986 Bodger and Newton, 1987; Hennersdorf et al, 2005; Kneidinger et al, 2008)
• CD14 (endotoxin receptor, Leu M3, LPS-R, Mo2, MY4, myeloid cell-specific leucine-rich glycoprotein) (Toba et al, 1999)
• CD15 (3-FAL, 3-Fucosyl-N-Acetyllactosamine, 3-FL, 3-Fucosyl-lactosamine, 80H5, AGF 4.48, C3D-1, DAKO-M1, ELFT, ELAM-1 ligand fucosyltransferase, FAL, Fucosyl-N-Acetyllactosamine, 3-alpha-fucosyl-N-acetyl-lactosamine, FCT3A, alpha-3-fucosyltransferase, FUC-T-IV, fucosyltransferase 4, FUT-4, fucosyltransferase 4, LeuM1, LeX, Lewis X, X-hapten, hapten X, X-determinant, LNF-3, lacto-N-fucopentaose 3, LNFP-3, Lacto-N-Fucopentose 3 ceramide, MMA, My-1, myeloid-associated surface antigen, PMN7, polymorphonuclear leukocyte antigen 7, SSEA-1, stage-specific embryonic antigen-1) (Toba et al, 1999; Stain et al, 1987)
• CD15s (CD15, 3-FAL, 3-Fucosyl-N-Acetyllactosamine, 3-FL, 3-Fucosyl-lactosamine, 80H5, AGF 4.48, C3D-1, DAKO-M1, ELFT, ELAM-1 ligand fucosyltransferase, FAL, Fucosyl-N-Acetyllactosamine, 3-alpha-fucosyl-N-acetyl-lactosamine, FCT3A, alpha-3-fucosyltransferase, FUC-T-IV, fucosyltransferase 4, FUT-4, fucosyltransferase 4, LeuM1, LeX, Lewis X, X-hapten, hapten X, X-determinant, LNF-3, lacto-N-fucopentaose 3, LNFP-3, Lacto-N-Fucopentose 3 ceramide, MMA, My-1, myeloid-associated surface antigen, PMN7, polymorphonuclear leukocyte antigen 7, SSEA-1, stage-specific embryonic antigen-1) (Wimazal et al, 1999)
• CD16b (Fc-gamma R3b, Fc-gamma R3-beta, Fc-gamma receptor III-1, HNA1; HNA1a, human neutrophil antigen 1a, NA1, neutrophil alloantigen 1, HNA1b, human neutrophil antigen 1b, NA2, neutrophil alloantigen 2, NC1, HNA1c, human neutrophil antigen 1c, SH antigen) (Meknache et al, 2009)
• CD18 (ITGB2, integrin-beta-2, 2E6) (Bochner et al, 1996; Fureder et al, 1994, 1995; Kepley et al, 1998; Sperr et al, 1992)
• CD21 (B2, C3d receptor, CR2, complement receptor-2, C3dR, complement 3d receptor, C3d receptor, EBV receptor, Epstein-Barr virus receptor) (Bacon et al, 1993)
• CD22 (BLCAM, B-lymphocyte cell adhesion molecule, Leu14, Lyb8, SIGLEC-2, sialic acid binding immunoglobulin-like lectin 2) (Toba et al, 2002; Han et al, 1999; Han et al, 2008)
• CD23 (OKT10, Leu20, B6, Blast-2, 18.6 antigen, Ly42, EBVCS) (Stain et al, 1987)
• CD26 (1F7, 2B9, 5F8, ACT-3, ADABP, ADA binding protein, ADCP2, adenosine deaminase complexing protein 2, BT5/9, DPCR1, DPP4, dipeptidyl peptidase 4, HAM.4, intestinal dipeptidyl peptidase, EC3.4.14.5, OX61, TA1, TA5/9, THAM, thymocyte-activating molecule, TP103, WC10 antigen, FAP-beta, Fibroblast activation protein-beta) (Fureder et al, 1994; Valent et al, 1990)
• CD29 (FNRB, fibronectin receptor beta subunit, ITGB1, integrin-beta-1, platelet protein GPIIa, VLA-beta, very late activation antigen-beta, VLA-beta-1, VLA-4 beta subunit) (Bochner et al, 1996; Kepley et al, 1998; Sperr et al, 1992; Warner et al, 1995)
• CD31 (EndoCAM, endothelial cellular adhesion molecule, ER-MP12, PECAM-1, platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1) (Fureder et al, 1994; Valent et al, 1990)
• CD32 (hFcRII, Fc-gamma R2, FCG2, FCGR2) (Siegmund et al, 2000; Takahashi et al, 1993)
• CD33 (MY9, SIGLEC-3, sialic acid binding immunoglobulin-like lectin 3) (Siegmund et al, 2000; Toba et al, 1999; Stain et al, 1987; Han et al, 2008)
• CD35 (C3 binding protein, C3b receptor, C3bR, C3b/C4b receptor, C4b receptor, complement 3b/4b receptor, CR1, complement receptor-1, Knops blood group antigen, Kn(a), Kn(b), McCoy blood group antigen, McC, Swain-Langley blood group antigen, Sl, Yk(a), York blood group antigen) (Fureder et al, 1994, 1995, 2001; Siegmund et al, 2000)
• CD36 (collagen type 1 receptor, FAT, fatty acid translocase, glycoprotein 3b, GP4, platelet glycoprotein 4, GPIIIb, Naka blood group antigen, OKM5, PAS-4 protein, periodic acid/Schiff-positive protein 4, PASIV, periodic acid/Schiff-positive band 4, platelet collagen receptor, thrombospondin receptor, UA009) (Han et al, 2008)
• CD38 (ADP-ribosyl cyclase, ADP-ribosyl cyclase-1, cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase, ecto-NAD+ glycohydrolase, Ecto-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide glycohydrolase, EC3.2.2.5, Leu17, T10) (Fureder et al, 1994; Toba et al, 1999; Han et al, 2008)
• CD40 (Bp50, TNFRSF5, TNF receptor superfamily member 5) (Agis et al, 1996)
• CD40 ligand (CD40L, CD40LG, TRAP, TNF-related activation protein, CD154, 5c8, gp39, Ly62, T-BAM, IMD3, TNFSF5, TNF ligand superfamily member 5) (Yanagihara et al, 1998; Gauchat et al, 1993; Siegmund et al, 2000)
• CD43 (3E8 antigen, GALGP, galactoglycoprotein, gpL115, L60, Leu22, Lp-3, LSN, leukosialin, Ly48, MT1, OX75, S7 antigen, SPN, sialophorin, W3/13) (Fureder et al, 1994; Valent et al, 1990)
• CD44 (CD44H, AnWj blood group antigen, ECMR-3, extracellular matrix receptor-3, HCAM, homing-associated cell adhesion molecule, Hermes-1, Hermes antigen, HUTCH-1, Indian blood group antigen, In blood group antigen, Ly24, MC56, MDU2, MDU3, MIC4, MUC 2-63, OX49, PGP1, PGP1.1, phagocytic glycoprotein-1) (Fureder et al, 1994; Yoshimura et al, 2002; Valent et al, 1990)
• CD45 (B220, HuLy-m4, LCA, leukocyte common antigen, Ly5, OX1, OX22, OX30, PTPRC, protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type C, EC3.1.3.4, T200) (Fureder et al, 1994; Gane et al, 1993; Bodger and Newton, 1987; Han et al, 2008)
• CD46 (gp45-70, HuLy-m5, MCP, membrane cofactor protein, measles virus receptor, MIC10, TLX, TRA-2-10, trophoblast-leukocyte common antigen, trophoblast-lymphocyte cross-reactive antigen) (Fureder et al, 1994, 1995, 2001)
• CD47 (1D8, B6H12, BRIC 126, IAP, integrin-associated protein, integrin-associated signal transducer, MER6, OA3, ovarian carcinoma antigen 3, OVTL3) (Fureder et al, 1994)
• CD49b (Br alloantigen, DX5, ECMR-2, extracellular matrix receptor-2, GPIa, HPA-5, human platelet antigen-5, ITGA2, integrin-alpha-2, platelet glycoprotein Ia/IIa, VLA-2, very late activation antigen 2, VLAA2, VLA2 receptor alpha 2 subunit, Zav alloantigen) (Sperr et al, 1992)
• CD49d (ITGA4, integrin-alpha-4, VLA-4, very late activation antigen 4, VLAA4, VLA4 receptor alpha 4 subunit) (Kepley et al, 1998; Sperr et al, 1992; Warner et al, 1995; Quan et al, 2002; Schleimer et al, 1992)

• CD49e (fibronectin receptor alpha chain, FNRA, ITGA5, integrin-alpha-5, VLA-5, very late activation antigen 5, VLA-5-alpha) (Sperr et al, 1992)
• CD50 (intercellular adhesion molecule 3, ICAM-R, ICAM receptor) (Fureder et al, 1994)
• CD54 (7F7, BB2, human rhinovirus receptor, ICAM-1, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, IFN-gamma regulated human melanoma-associated antigen, Ly47, MALA-2, Me14-D12, P3.58) (Yoshimura et al, 2002; Valent et al, 1990)
• CD55 (CD55a, CD55b, complement decay-accelerating factor, decay-accelerating factor, DAF, DAF-GPI, DAF-TM, GPI-DAF, TM-DAF, DAF1, decay-accelerating factor 1, DAF2, decay-accelerating factor 2, Cromer blood group antigen) (Fureder et al, 1994, 1995, 2001)
• CD58 (LFA-3, lymphocyte function-associated antigen-3, T11TS, T11 target structure) (Fureder et al, 1994)
• CD59 (protectin, MIC11, MIN1, MIN2, MIN3, MSK21, HRF20, homologous restriction factor-20 kDa, MACIF, membrane attack complex inhibitory factor, MAC-IP, MAC-inhibitory protein, H19, MIRL, membrane inhibitor of reactive lysis, P18, 1F5, 16.3A5, BRIC 229, YTH 53.1) (Fureder et al, 1994, 1995, 2001)
• CD62L (gp90-MEL, LAM-1, leukocyte adhesion molecule 1, LECAM-1, leukocyte adhesion molecule 1, Leu8, LSEL, L-selectin, selectin-L, SELL, LYAM1, MEL-14, OX85, PLNHR, TQ-1) (Wimazal et al, 1999; Bochner and Sterbinsky, 1991)
• CD63 (81H, AD1, GP55, granulophysin, LIMP, lysosomal integral membrane protein, LIMP-1, lysosomal integral membrane protein-1, ME491, melanoma associated antigen ME491, MLA1, melanoma-associated antigen 1, NGA, neuroglandular antigen, NKI-C3, OMA81H, ocular melanoma-associated antigen 81H, PLTGP40, platelet glycoprotein gp40, TSPAN30, tetraspanin 30) (Fureder et al, 1994; Siegmund et al, 2000; Sturm et al, 2004; Erdmann et al, 2003; Bellou et al, 2003; Hennersdorf et al, 2005; Kneidinger et al, 2008)
• CD65 (Ceramide dodecasaccharide, VIM-2) (Stain et al, 1987; Valent et al, 1990)
• CD68 (EBM11, gp110, Ki-M6, Ki-M7, KP-1, macrosialin, microsialin, PG-M1, PM-1k, SCARD1, scavenger receptor class D member 1, Y1/82A, Y2/131) (Pulford et al, 1990)
• CD69 (AIM, activation inducer molecule, BL-AC/P26, CLEC2C, C-type lectin domain family 2 member C, EA1, early antigen 1, early T-cell activation antigen p60, gp34/28, Leu23, MLR3, VEA) (Yoshimura-Uchiyama et al, 2003; Zhang et al, 2002)
• CD71 (transferrin receptor, TFR, TFR1, TRFR, TFRC, OKT9, T9, OX26) (Toba et al, 1999)
• CD851 (Sloane et al, 2004)
• CD85h (LILRA2, leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily A member 2, ILT1, immunoglobulin-like transcript 1, LIR7, leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor 7) (MacGlashan et al, 2008; Sloane et al, 2004)
• CD88 (C5aR, C5a receptor, C5R1, complement component 5 receptor 1) (Fureder et al, 1994, 1995, 2001; Ghannadan et al, 2002; Ochensberger et al, 1999; Wojta et al, 2002; Eglite et al, 2000)
• CD99 (12E7, MIC2, MIC2X, MIC2Y, E2 antigen, CD99R, O13, hec2, HBA-71) (Fureder et al, 1994)
• CD107a (LAMP-1, lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein-1, LAMPA, lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein A, LGP120, lysosomal glycoprotein 120) (Hennersdorf et al, 2005)
• CD121b (Fureder et al, 1994)
• CD122 (IL2 receptor beta) (Siegmund et al, 2000)
• CD151 (PETA-3, platelet-endothelial cell tetraspan antigen 3, SFA-1, SF-HT activated gene 1, TSPAN24, tetraspanin 24, RAPH, Raph blood group) (Wimazal et al, 1999)
• CD157 (BST-1, bone marrow stromal cell antigen-1, Bsta1, 114/A10, ADP-ribosyl cyclase-2, BP-3, BP-3/IF-7, Cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase 2, EC3.2.2.5, Ly65, MO-5) (Wimazal et al, 1999)
• CD162 (PSGL, P-selectin glycoprotein ligand, PSGL-1, P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1, SELPLG [selectin-P ligand) (Taylor et al, 2000; Wimazal et al, 1999)
• CD164 (endolyn, endolyn-78, MGC-24, multiglycosylated core protein-24, MGC-24v, MUC-24) (Hennersdorf et al, 2005; Kneidinger et al, 2008)
• CD172A (BIT, brain Ig-like molecule with tyrosine-based activation motif, MFR, macrophage fusion receptor, MYD1, p84, PTPNS1, protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type substrate 1, OX41, SHPS1, SHP substrate 1, SIRP-alpha, SIRP-alpha-1, signal regulatory protein-alpha, tyrosine phosphatase SHP substrate 1) (Ghannadan et al, 2002)
• CD200R (CD200 receptor, OX2 receptor, OX2R, MOX2 receptor, MOX2R) (Kojima et al, 2007; Voehringer et al, 2004; Shiratori et al, 2004)
• CD203c (97A6 antigen, B10, bovine intestinal phosphodiesterase, ENPP-1, ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphatase 1, gp130RB13-6, Ly41, M6S1, membrane component chromosome 6 surface marker-1, NPP-3, nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 3, Pca-1, PD-1-beta, phosphodiesterase-1-beta, PDNP3, phosphodiesterase/nucleotide pyrophosphatase 3, tiptoe walking, ttw) (Ghannadan et al, 2002; Monneret et al, 2005; Buhring et al, 2004; Fureder et al, 2001; Lourenco et al, 2008; Tokuda et al, 2009; Hennersdorf et al, 2005; Kneidinger et al, 2008; Potapinska et al, 2009)
• CD236R (Ghannadan et al, 2002)
• CD244 (2B4, 2B4-S, 2B4-L, C1.7, C9.1, Ly90, NAIL, NK-cell activation-inducing ligand, NKR2B4, natural killer cell receptor 2B4, NK-cell receptor 2B4, Nmrk, p38, SLAMF4, signaling lymphocyte activation molecule family member 4) (Romero et al, 2004; Nakajima et al, 1999)
• CD302 (BIMLEC, CLEC13A, C-type lectin domain family 13 member A, DCL-1, DEC-205-associated C-type lectin-1) (Kato et al, 2007)
• CDw17 (LacCer, lactosylceramide) (Fureder et al, 1994; Ghannadan et al, 2002, Stain et al, 1987)
• common gamma (gammac, gamma common, common cytokine receptor-gamma, CD132, IMD4, immunodeficiency 4, SCIDX, X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency, SCIDX1, X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency-1, XSCID, X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency) (Siegmund et al, 2000)
•• CXCL4 (CXC chemokine ligand 4, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 4, PF4, platelet factor-4, Endothelial cell growth inhibitor, Heparin neutralizing protein, Megakaryocyte-stimulatory-factor, Oncostatin A, SCYB4) receptors (Brindley et al, 1983)
•• CXCL7 (CXC chemokine ligand 7, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 7, CTAP-3, Connective tissue activating protein-3, LA-PF4, low affinity platelet factor-4, LDGF, Leukocyte-derived growth factor, MDGF, macrophage-derived growth factor, NAP-2, Neutrophil-activating protein-2, PPBP, pro-platelet basic protein, PBP, platelet basic protein, SCYB7), platelet basic protein, SCYB7) receptors (Reddigari et al, 1992; Kuna et al, 1991, 1993)
• CXCL9 (CXC chemokine ligand 9, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9, mig, monokine induced by gamma-Interferon, Humig, Mumig, CRG-10, cytokine responsive gene-10, M119, SCYB9) (Pekarek V et al, 2007)
• CXCL10 (CXC chemokine ligand 10, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10, IP-10, INP-10, Interferon-inducible protein-10, IFN-inducible protein 10, immune protein-10; 10 kDa interferon-inducible protein, gamma-IP-10, CRG-2, cytokine responsive gene-2, C7, Ifi10, interferon-inducible-10, mob-1, SCYB10) (Pekarek V et al, 2007)
• CXCL11 (CXC chemokine ligand 11, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 11, H174, beta-R1, I-TAC, Interferon-inducible T-cell alpha chemoattractant, IP-9, interferon-gamma-inducible protein-9, SCYB11, SCYB9B) (Pekarek V et al, 2007)
• CXCR4 (CXC-Chemokine receptor 4, LESTR, leukocyte-derived 7-transmembrane domain receptor, HUMSTR, NPYRL, neuropeptide Y receptor-like, NPY3R, neuropeptide Y receptor Y3, HM89, Fusin, LCR-1, FB22, LAP3, Lipopolysaccharide-associated protein 3, SDF-1 receptor, CD184) (Ghannadan et al, 2002; Iikura et al, 2001; Jinquan et al, 2000)
• Cystatin A (CSTA, Keratolinin, Stefin A, STFA, STF1, ACPI, acid cysteine proteinase inhibitor) (Mlinaric-Rascanet al, 1994)

• Fc-epsilon R1 (Ghannadan et al, 2002; Pecaric-Petkovic et al, 2009)
•• fMLP (Formyl-Methionyl-Leucyl-Phenylalanine, f-Met-Leu-Phe) receptors (de Paulis et al, 2004; Ochensberger et al, 1999)
• FPRL1 (formyl peptide receptor-like-1, FPRH-1, formyl peptide receptor homolog-1, lipoxin A4 receptor, ALXR, LXA4R, HM63) (de Paulis et al, 2004)
• FPRL2 (formyl peptide receptor-like-2, FPR-like-2, FPRH2, formyl peptide receptor homolog-2) (de Paulis et al, 2004)

• GM-CSF (Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor, BPA, burst promoting activity, CSF-2, colony stimulating factor-2, GM-CSA, Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating activity, MGI-1GM, macrophage-granulocyte inducer, Pluripoietin-alpha) (Gilmartin et al, 2008)
•• GM-CSF (Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor, BPA, burst promoting activity, CSF-2, colony stimulating factor-2, GM-CSA, Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating activity, MGI-1GM, macrophage-granulocyte inducer, Pluripoietin-alpha) receptors (CD116) (Hirai et al, 1992; Quan et al, 2002; Tedeschi et al, 1999; Tsuda et al, 1991; Yamaguchi et al, 1992; Yoshimura-Uchiyama et al, 2003; Siegmund et al, 2000; Toba et al, 1999)
• gp130 (IL6ST, IL6 signal transducer, CD130) (Siegmund et al, 2000)
• GPR44 (G-protein-coupled receptor-44, CRTH2, chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on Th2 cells, DL1R, CD294) (Nagata et al, 1999; Yoshimura-Uchiyama et al, 2004)
• Granzyme B (GZMB, Granzyme 2, serine protease B, SE-2, serine esterase-2, CSP-B, cytotoxic serine protease B, CCP1, cytotoxic cell protease-1, Asp-ase, CGL1, cathepsin G-like-1, CTLA-1, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated serine esterase-1, fragmentin-2, RNKP1, rat natural killer protease-1) (Tschopp et al, 2006)

• ICAM-2 (intercellular adhesion molecule 2, Ly60, CD102) (Fureder et al, 1994)
•• IFN-alpha (interferon-alpha, Alpha-Interferon, aIFN, B-cell interferon, Leukocyte interferon, LeIFN, Lymphoblast interferon, LyIFN-alpha) receptors (CD118) (Chen et al, 2003)
• IFN-beta (Beta-Interferon, Interferon-beta, bIFN, Fibroblast interferon, Fi-IFN, F-IFN) receptors (CD118) (Chen et al, 2003)
• IGF-1 (Insulin-like growth factor-1, Erythropoietic factor, mechano growth factor, MGF, ILGF1, somatomedin C, NSILA, non-suppressible insulin-like activity, Somatomedin A, Somatomedin C, sulfation factor) receptors (IGF1R, CD221) (Hirai et al, 1993; Hartnell et al, 2004)
•• IGF-2 (Insulin-like growth factor-2, Growth-promoting activity for vascular endothelial cells, T3M-11-derived growth factor, ILGF2, MSA, multiplication stimulating activity, NSILA, non-suppressible insulin-like activity, Somatomedin A, sulfation factor, SGF, skeletal growth factor, HP1-SMP, HP3-SMP, Somatomedin/insulin-like growth factor-like polypeptides) receptors (IGF2R, CD222, mannose-6-phosphate receptor; MPR, CIM6PR, cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor, MPRI, MPR300) (Hartnell et al, 2004)
•• IL1 (interleukin-1) receptors (IL1R, IL1RA, IL1R1, IL1 receptor type 1, IL1RB, IL1R2, IL1 receptor type 2, CD121a, CD121b) (Haak-Frendscho et al, 1988; Agis et al, 1996)
• IL1-beta (IL1B, interleukin-1-beta, Catabolin, H1, Hematopoietin-1, IFN-beta inducing factor, Interleukin-beta, OAF, osteoclast activating factor) (King et al, 2000)
•• IL2 (Interleukin-2, BF, blastogenic factor, EDF, eosinophil differentiation factor, KHF, killer cell helper factor, LMF, lymphocyte mitogenic factor, LPF, lymphocyte proliferation factor, MAF-C I, macrophage-activating factor for cytotoxicity I, PFC-EA, plaque forming cell enhancing factor, SCIF, secondary cytotoxic T-cell inducing factor, TCGF, T-cell growth factor, TCPA, T colony-promoting activity, TDF, thymocyte differentiation factor, T-LPF, T-lymphocyte promotor factor, TMF, thymocyte mitogenic factor, T-cell maturation factor, T-cell mitogenic factor, TRF-3, T-cell replacing factor-3, TSF, thymocyte stimulating factor) receptors (CD25, TAC antigen, Ly43, OX39) (CD122, CD132) (Agis et al, 1996; Fureder et al, 1994; Toba et al, 1999; Takahashi et al, 1993; Stain et al, 1987; Maggiano et al, 1990; Tsuda et al, 1991; Han et al, 2008)
•• IL3 (Interleukin-3, 20-alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase inducing factor, BPA, burst promoting activity, CFU-S, colony-forming unit spleen, CSF-2-alpha, colony stimulating factor-2-alpha, CSF-2-beta, colony stimulating factor-2-beta, ECSF, erythroid colony stimulating factor, Eo-CSF, eosinophil colony stimulating factor, HCGF, Hematopoietic cell growth factor, HP2, Hematopoietin-2, HPGF, hematopoietic cell growth factor, MCGF, mast cell growth factor, MCSA, multi-colony stimulating activity, MEG-CSF, megakaryocyte colony stimulating factor, MGF, mast cell growth factor, Mixed colony stimulating factor, Multi-CSF, Multi-colony stimulating factor, multi-HGF, multilineage hemopoietic growth factor, Multipoietin, NC cell growth factor, natural cytotoxic cell growth factor, Neutrophil-granulocyte colony stimulating factor, PSF, progenitor stimulating factor, PSH, panspecific hemopoietin, SAF, stem cell activating factor, Thy1 inducing factor) receptors (CD123) (Agis et al, 1996; Yoshimura-Uchiyama et al, 2003; Yoshimura et al, 2002; Fureder et al, 2001; Hirai et al, 1992; Lopez et al, 1990; Miura et al, 2001; Quan et al, 2002; Schneider et al, 1999; Lourenco et al, 2008; Spiegl et al, 2008; Toba et al, 1999; Didichenko et al, 2008; Tschopp et al, 2006; Han et al, 2008)
• IL4 (Interleukin-4, BCDF-epsilon, B-cell differentiation factor-epsilon, BCDF-gamma, B-cell differentiation factor-gamma, BCGF-gamma, B-cell growth factor-gamma, BCGF-1, B-cell growth factor-1, Binetrakin, BSF-1, B-cell stimulating factor-1, BSF-p1, B-cell stimulating factor p1, EL4-BCGF, EL4 B-cell growth factor, HCGF, Hodgkin's cell growth factor, IgE-EF, IgE enhancing factor, IgG1-enhancing factor, IgG1-induction factor, LMW-BCGF, low molecular weight B-cell growth factor, MaGEF, Mast cell growth enhancing factor, MCGF-2, mast cell growth factor-2, MFF, macrophage fusion factor, Pitrakinra, TCGF-2, T-cell growth factor-2) (Gibbs et al, 1996; Higa et al, 2003; Kasaian et al, 1996; Khodoun et al, 2004; Min et al, 2004; Hirano et al, 2004; Brunner et al, 1993; Arock et al, 1993; Devouassoux et al, 2002; Yanagihara et al, 1998; Schneider et al, 1999; Gessner et al, 2005; Pecaric-Petkovic et al, 2009)
•• IL4 (Interleukin-4, BCDF-epsilon, B-cell differentiation factor-epsilon, BCDF-gamma, B-cell differentiation factor-gamma, BCGF-gamma, B-cell growth factor-gamma, BCGF-1, B-cell growth factor-1, Binetrakin, BSF-1, B-cell stimulating factor-1, BSF-p1, B-cell stimulating factor p1, EL4-BCGF, EL4 B-cell growth factor, HCGF, Hodgkin's cell growth factor, IgE-EF, IgE enhancing factor, IgG1-enhancing factor, IgG1-induction factor, LMW-BCGF, low molecular weight B-cell growth factor, MaGEF, Mast cell growth enhancing factor, MCGF-2, mast cell growth factor-2, MFF, macrophage fusion factor, Pitrakinra, TCGF-2, T-cell growth factor-2) receptors (CD124) (Siegmund et al, 2000)
• IL5 (Interleukin-5, B151-TRF, B151 T-cell replacing factor, BCDF, B-cell differentiation factors, BCDF-alpha, B-cell differentiation factor-alpha, BCDF-mu, B-cell differentiation factor-mu, BCGF-2, B-cell growth factor-2, DL-BCGF, Dennert line B-cell growth factor, BGDF, B-cell growth and differentiation factor, CFU-Eo GSF, colony-forming unit eosinophil growth stimulating factor, EDF, eosinophil differentiation factor, Eo-CSF, Eosinophil colony stimulating factor, Eo-DF, eosinophil differentiation factor, ESP, eosinophil stimulation promoter, IgA-EF, IgA enhancing factor, KHF, killer helper factor, TRF-1, T-cell replacing factor-1) (Higa et al, 2003)
•• IL5 (Interleukin-5, B151-TRF, B151 T-cell replacing factor, BCDF, B-cell differentiation factors, BCDF-alpha, B-cell differentiation factor-alpha, BCDF-mu, B-cell differentiation factor-mu, BCGF-2, B-cell growth factor-2, DL-BCGF, Dennert line B-cell growth factor, BGDF, B-cell growth and differentiation factor, CFU-Eo GSF, colony-forming unit eosinophil growth stimulating factor, EDF, eosinophil differentiation factor, Eo-CSF, Eosinophil colony stimulating factor, Eo-DF, eosinophil differentiation factor, ESP, eosinophil stimulation promoter, IgA-EF, IgA enhancing factor, KHF, killer helper factor, TRF-1, T-cell replacing factor-1) receptors (CD125) (Denburg et al, 1991; Yoshimura-Uchiyama et al, 2003; Hirai et al, 1990; Hirai et al, 1992; Lopez et al, 1990; Miura et al, 2001; Quan et al, 2002; Toba et al, 1999)
• IL6 (interleukin-6, 26 kDa protein, BSF-2, B-cell stimulating factor-2, CDF, CAT development factor, choline acetyltransferase development factor, Cytolytic differentiation factor for T-lymphocytes, FDGI, fibroblast-derived growth inhibitor, HGF, hybridoma growth factor, HPGF, hybridoma/plasmacytoma growth factor, HSF, hepatocyte stimulating factor, HSF-1, hepatocyte stimulating factor-1, ILHP1, Interleukin-hemopoietin-1, MGI-2A, Macrophage-granulocyte inducer-2A, Myeloma GF, myeloma growth factor, NKAF, natural killer cell activating factor, TAF, T-cell activating factor, Thymocyte growth factor, TSF, thymocyte stimulating factor) (Higa et al, 2003; King et al, 2000; Kruger-Krasagakes et al, 1996; Schneider et al, 1999)
•• IL6 (interleukin-6, 26 kDa protein, BSF-2, B-cell stimulating factor-2, CDF, CAT development factor, choline acetyltransferase development factor, Cytolytic differentiation factor for T-lymphocytes, FDGI, fibroblast-derived growth inhibitor, HGF, hybridoma growth factor, HPGF, hybridoma/plasmacytoma growth factor, HSF, hepatocyte stimulating factor, HSF-1, hepatocyte stimulating factor-1, ILHP1, Interleukin-hemopoietin-1, MGI-2A, Macrophage-granulocyte inducer-2A, Myeloma GF, myeloma growth factor, NKAF, natural killer cell activating factor, TAF, T-cell activating factor, Thymocyte growth factor, TSF, thymocyte stimulating factor) receptors (CD126) (Toba et al, 1999)
• IL8 (interleukin-8, SCYB8, 3-10C, 9E3, ANAP, anionic neutrophil-activating peptide, Chemotaxin, CEF-4, CT/IL8, CXCL8, CXC chemokine ligand 8, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 8, EDNAP, endothelial-derived neutrophil-activating peptide, EMF-1, embryo fibroblast protein 1, Emoctakin, ENAP, Endothelial cell neutrophil-activating peptide, FDNAP, Fibroblast-derived neutrophil-activating peptide, FINAP, fibroblast-derived neutrophil-activating protein, GCF, granulocyte chemotactic factor, GCP, granulocyte chemotactic peptide, LAI, leukocyte adhesion inhibitor, LCF, lymphocyte chemotactic factors, LDNAP, leukocyte-derived neutrophil-activating peptide, LIF, leukocyte inhibitory factor, LUCT, lung carcinoma-derived chemotaxin, LYNAP, lymphocyte-derived neutrophil-activating peptide, MDNAP, monocyte-derived neutrophil-activating peptide, MDNCF, monocyte-derived neutrophil chemotactic factor, MOC, monocyte-derived chemotaxin, MONAP, monocyte-derived neutrophil-activating peptide, NAF, neutrophil-activating factor, NAP-1, neutrophil-activating protein-1, NCF, neutrophil chemotactic factor, NCP, neutrophil chemotactic protein, PLF, psoriatic leukotactic factor, TCF, T-cell chemotactic factor, TSG-1, Tumor necrosis factor-stimulated gene sequence-1) (Higa et al, 2003; Markvardsen et al, 1995; Gilmartin et al, 2008; Pecaric-Petkovic et al, 2009)
•• IL8 (interleukin-8, SCYB8, 3-10C, 9E3, ANAP, anionic neutrophil-activating peptide, Chemotaxin, CEF-4, CT/IL8, CXCL8, CXC chemokine ligand 8, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 8, EDNAP, endothelial-derived neutrophil-activating peptide, EMF-1, embryo fibroblast protein 1, Emoctakin, ENAP, Endothelial cell neutrophil-activating peptide, FDNAP, Fibroblast-derived neutrophil-activating peptide, FINAP, fibroblast-derived neutrophil-activating protein, GCF, granulocyte chemotactic factor, GCP, granulocyte chemotactic peptide, LAI, leukocyte adhesion inhibitor, LCF, lymphocyte chemotactic factors, LDNAP, leukocyte-derived neutrophil-activating peptide, LIF, leukocyte inhibitory factor, LUCT, lung carcinoma-derived chemotaxin, LYNAP, lymphocyte-derived neutrophil-activating peptide, MDNAP, monocyte-derived neutrophil-activating peptide, MDNCF, monocyte-derived neutrophil chemotactic factor, MOC, monocyte-derived chemotaxin, MONAP, monocyte-derived neutrophil-activating peptide, NAF, neutrophil-activating factor, NAP-1, neutrophil-activating protein-1, NCF, neutrophil chemotactic factor, NCP, neutrophil chemotactic protein, PLF, psoriatic leukotactic factor, TCF, T-cell chemotactic factor, TSG-1, Tumor necrosis factor-stimulated gene sequence-1) receptors (CXCR1 and/or CXCR2) (Alam et al, 1992; Kuna et al, 1991; Iikura et al, 2001; Ochensberger et al, 1999)
• integrin-beta-7 (Bochner et al, 1996; Wimazal et al, 1999)
• IL13 (Interleukin-13, NC30, P600) (Higa et al, 2003; Hirano et al, 2004; Li et al, 1996; Ochsenberger et al, 1996; Gibbs et al, 1996; Yanagihara et al, 1998; Sin et al, 2001; Li et al, 1996; Gessner et al, 2005; Gilmartin et al, 2008; Pecaric-Petkovic et al, 2009; Tschopp et al, 2006)
•• IL16 (Interleukin-16, Lymphocyte chemoattractant factor, LCF) receptors (Qi et al, 2002)
•• IL17 (Interleukin-17, IL17A, interleukin-17A) receptors (Willheim et al, 1995)
•• IL18 (interleukin-18, IGIF, IFN-gamma inducing factor, IL1-gamma, IL1F4, IL1 family member 4, Iboctadekin) receptors (Yoshimoto et al, 1999)
•• IL29 (IFN-lambda-1, interferon-lambda-1, IFNL1) receptors (Pekarek et al, 2007)
•• IL31 (interleukin-31) receptors (Diveu et al, 2003)
•• IL33 (interleukin-33, NFHEV, nuclear factor from high endothelial venules, C9orf26, chromosome 9 open reading frame 26) receptors (Pecaric-Petkovic et al, 2009)
• insulysin (insulin-degrading enzyme, IDE, insulin protease, insulin proteinase, insulinase, EC3.4.24.56) (Weirich et al, 2008)

• Leptin (ob, ob/ob, obese protein, obesity factor) (Gilmartin et al, 2008)

• MAFA (Mast-cell-function-associated antigen, MAFA-L, MAFA-like, CLEC15A, C-type lectin domain family 15 member A, KLRG1, killer cell lectin-like receptor G1) (Butcher et al, 1998)
• Mcl-1 (myeloid cell factor-1, myeloid cell leukemia sequence 1, BCL2L3) (Didichenko et al, 2008)
• MMCP-8 mouse mast cell serine protease 8 (Poorafshar et al, 2000)

• NAP-1 receptors (White et al, 1989; Dahinden et al, 1989)
• NAP-2 receptors (Reddigari et al, 1992; Kuna et al, 1993)
• neuropilin-1 (Neuropilin, NPN-1, NP-1, NRP1, A5-antigen, BDCA4, Blood dendritic cell antigen 4, VEGF-165R, CD304) (de Paulis et al, 2006)
• neuropilin-2 (NPN-2, NP-2, NRP2) (de Paulis et al, 2006)
•• NGF (nerve growth factor, 7S NGF, 7S nerve growth factor, NGF-alpha, Nerve growth factor-alpha, kallikrein Klk1b4, Klk1b4, NGF-beta, NGFB, Nerve growth factor-beta, NGFG, NGF-gamma, Nerve growth factor-gamma, kallikrein Klk1b3, Klk1b3) receptors (Bischoff and Dahinden, 1992; Sin et al, 2001; Miura et al, 2001; Tsuda et al, 1991)
•• nociceptin (PNOC, PPNOC, Orphanin FQ, Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ, N/OFQ, Orphanin FQ/Nociceptin, OFQ/N) receptors (LC132, NOCIR, OPRL1, ORL1, opioid receptor-like-1, OP4, opioid receptor 4, NOP, non-classical opioid receptor) (Krüger et al, 2006)

• PAI-1 (Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, PAI, plasminogen activator inhibitor, endothelial plasminogen activator inhibitor, Serpin E1, MSF, monocyte suppressor factor, EIP-1, EGF-inducible protein 1, mesosecrin) (Wojta et al, 2002)
• PDGF (platelet-derived growth factor, PDGF-1, PDGF-2, PDGF-A, PDGF-AA, PDGF-B, PDGF-BB, FDGF, fibroblast-derived growth factor, GDGF, glioma-derived growth factor-1, GDGF-2, glioma-derived growth factor-2, GSM, Glucocorticoid-suppressible mitogenic activity, MDF, mesangial cell proliferating factor, MDGF, monocyte-derived growth factor, OBIF, osteoblastogenesis inhibitory factor, ODGF, osteosarcoma-derived growth factor, T47D factor) (Forsberg et al, 1993)
• platelet-activating factor receptors (Ochensberger et al, 1999)

• Relaxin (RLN, RLX, RLN1, relaxin 1, relaxin H1, H1 relaxin, RLXH1, RXN1, RLN2, relaxin 2, relaxin H2, H2 relaxin, RLXH2, RXN2, relaxin 1/2) (Bani et al, 2002)
• RIG-I (Retinoic acid inducible gene-I, DDX58, DEAD box polypeptide 58, DEAD/H BOX 58) (Zhang NN et al, 2008)

• SIGLEC-5 (sialic acid binding immunoglobulin-like lectin 5, CD33L2, CD33 like-2, OBBP2, Ob binding protein 2, CD170) (Ghannadan et al, 2002)
• SIGLEC-8 (sialic acid binding immunoglobulin-like lectin 8, SAF-2, sialoadhesin family member 2) (Kikly et al, 2000)
•• somatostatin (SST, Somatotropin release inhibiting hormone, SIH, Somatotropin release inhibiting factor, SRIF, growth hormone-inhibiting hormone, GIH, growth hormone release inhibitory hormone, GH-RIH) receptors (Goetzl and Payan, 1988)
•• substance P (Neurokinin-1, NK1, Tac1, tachykinin-1) receptors (Louis and Radermecker, 1990)

•• TCTP (translationally controlled tumor protein, TPT1, tumor protein translationally-controlled-1, fortilin, p23, IgE-HRF, IgE-dependent histamine releasing factor) receptors (Nielsen et al, 1998; Vonakis et al, 2008)
• thymosin-beta-4 (TMSB4, TMSB4X, Tb4, Tbeta-4, 6-26, Fx) (Cassimeris et al, 1992)

• VASP (Vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein) (Halbrügge et al, 1992; Reinhard et al, 1992)
• VEGF-121 (VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF-A, vascular endothelial growth factor A, VEGF-1, vascular endothelial growth factor-1, VEG/PF, vascular endothelial growth factor/vascular permeability factor, GD-VEGF, glioma-derived vascular endothelial growth factor, VAS, Vasculotropin, Vascular endothelial cell proliferation factor, VPF, vascular permeability factor, FSdGF, Folliculo stellate cell-derived growth factor) (de Paulis et al, 2006)
• VEGF-165 (VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF-A, vascular endothelial growth factor A, VEGF-1, vascular endothelial growth factor-1, VEG/PF, vascular endothelial growth factor/vascular permeability factor, GD-VEGF, glioma-derived vascular endothelial growth factor, VAS, Vasculotropin, Vascular endothelial cell proliferation factor, VPF, vascular permeability factor, FSdGF, Folliculo stellate cell-derived growth factor) (de Paulis et al, 2006)
• VEGF-189 (VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF-A, vascular endothelial growth factor A, VEGF-1, vascular endothelial growth factor-1, VEG/PF, vascular endothelial growth factor/vascular permeability factor, GD-VEGF, glioma-derived vascular endothelial growth factor, VAS, Vasculotropin, Vascular endothelial cell proliferation factor, VPF, vascular permeability factor, FSdGF, Folliculo stellate cell-derived growth factor) (de Paulis et al, 2006)
• VEGF-B (vascular endothelial growth factor B, VEGF-B(167), VEGF-B(186), VRF, VEGF related factor, VRP, VEGF related protein) (de Paulis et al, 2006)
•• VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF-A, vascular endothelial growth factor A, VEGF-1, vascular endothelial growth factor-1, VEG/PF, vascular endothelial growth factor/vascular permeability factor, GD-VEGF, glioma-derived vascular endothelial growth factor, VAS, Vasculotropin, Vascular endothelial cell proliferation factor, VPF, vascular permeability factor, FSdGF, Folliculo stellate cell-derived growth factor) receptors (de Paulis et al, 2006)

LAST MODIFIED: August 2009

See REFERENCES for entry basophils

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