Cytokines & Cells Online Pathfinder Encyclopaedia
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Cytokines & Cells Online Pathfinder Encyclopaedia |
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A term for the connective tissue cell layers (epineurial cells or epineural cells) forming the outermost layer of peripheral nerves. Frequently, two anatomical portions can be distinguished, depending upon whether nerve trunks contain single or multiple nerve fascicles. The inner epineurium surrounds individual nerve fascicles and is itself surrounded by a second layer, the outer epineurium (Thomas, 1963; Thomas and Olsson, 1985; Peters et al, 1991). The term epineurium thus may refer to both anatomical portions and the cells contained therein.
The epineurial layers, like those of the perineurium and endoneurium, provides structural support and biomechanical protection for nerve fascicles, may act as a diffusion barrier, and also contains blood vessels and adipose cells as supportive elements. There are differences also in epineurial composition between nerve types. It has been shown that the amount of adipose tissue in the epineurium can influence the regenerative capacity of damaged nerves (Sunderland, 1990). Disruption of the perineurium of damaged nerve fascicles can also influence the behaviour of regenerating nerves, which may terminate blindly amidst the supportive connective tissue (Sunderland, 1990).
For other relevant entries see also: Cell types.
LAST MODIFIED: March 2007
See REFERENCES for entry epineurium
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