micro-organoids |
microphages |
brain NP |
||
small vesicles (~ 1 micrometer) of heterogeneous density and size released by circulating blood cells and endothelial cells and various other cell types, including cancer cells (Amin et al, 2008; Cocucci E et al, 2012; Muralidharan et al, 2009). They are often being referred to also as extracellular vesicles (abbr. EVs). This collective general term has been suggested for particles naturally released from the cell that are delimited by a lipid bilayer and cannot replicate, i.e. do not contain a functional nucleus. Subtypes may be characterised by physical characteristics such as size, density, biochemical composition, or by descriptions of conditions or cell of origin (Théry C et al, 2018). Stein and Luzio (1991) have proposed the term ectocytosis for the process of
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