heat shock proteins |
heat shock transcription factor 1 |
Parkinson juvenile disease protein 2 |
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abbr. usually HSR. This term pertains to an endogenous cytoprotective reaction of cells to stress caused by elevated temperatures. This response is evolutionarily conserved from prokaryotes to humans. Although the term suggests that this is a response only to elevated temperatures - observed first by Ritossa (1962) as a new chromosomal puffing pattern in Drosophila melanogaster - many other stressors cause virtually the same responses as those induced by heat (silencing of overall transcription, halt of translation, and stalled progression of the cell cycle). For these reasons, some authors use the more general term stress response and stress proteins. Noticeable is the formation of stress granules during heat shock
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