Horst Ibelgaufts' COPE: Cytokines & Cells Online Pathfinder Encyclopaedia COPE needs your support to remain a free service!

hepatocytes

Hepatocytes, also referred to as liver parenchymal cells (parenchymal hepatic cells, parenchymal liver cells), are specialized epithelial cells that constitute the main functional cells of the liver. The main type of liver cancers developing from hepatocytes are called hepatoma or hepatocarcinoma (see: hepatocellular carcinoma for expression profile). Ground glass hepatocytes, described first by Hadziyannis et al (1973) have a cytoplasm with the appearance of ground glass. Such cells are a hallmark of chronic HBV infections (Popper, 1975), contain HBsAg, and harbour viral pre-S deletion mutants, which can induce endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative DNA damage (Wang et al, 2003). The presence of pre-S mutants in sera is associatd with a high risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (Su et al, 2008). Yang et al (2009) have reported enhanced expression of VEGF in ground glass hepatocytes, which may facilitate progression from preneoplastic hepatocytes to hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic HBV infection.

Hepatocytes may constitute 60 to 80 % of the mass of the liver tissue. The remaining tissue is made up of non-parenchymal cells such as sinusoidal endothelial cells, hepatic stellate cells, Kupffer cells, and blood cells. Hepatocytes perform critical metabolic, endocrine, and secretory functions, which includes the synthesis of carbohydrates, cholesterol, bile salts, fatty acids, triglycerides, phospholipids, protein synthesis (acute phase proteins, glycoproteins, lipoproteins, albumin, fibrinogen, prothrombin group of clotting factors, lipoproteins, ceruloplasmin, transferrin), as well as the detoxification and/or modification of exogenous and endogenous substances (drugs, insecticides, steroids, conversion of ammonia to urea) (for review see: Kmiec, 2001). While all hepatocytes may be engaged in these major functions, there is evidence that they constitute a heterogeneous population with respect to the expression and regulation of regulatory mediators, having specific expression patterns dependent on their position within the liver.

The terms small hepatocytes (abbr. SHC) or oval cells are used for cells in the adult liver that are organ-specific stem cells or committed progenitor cells (Mitaka et al, 1995) (see also: hepatoblasts). They are the natural progenitors in tissue regeneration, possess plasticity to differentiate into specialized cells in adult tissues, and are capable of self-renewal and differentiation into hepatocytes (Mitaka, 2002).

Studies in vitro and in vivo have demonstrated that hepatocytes have the capacity to express many different bioactive mediators, which may be engaged in autocrine, paracrine or endocrine interactions that can affect many other cell types. Expression of most of these mediators is subject to modulation by cytokines, growth factors, hormones, and a variety of other parameters, including culture conditions in vitro and disease states in vivo. Waring et al (2003), for example, have used microarray analysis to reveal considerable differences in gene expression between hepatocytes in suspension and hepatocytes attached to collagen. Baker et al (2001) have employed parallel expression monitoring of approximately 8700 rat genes to characterize mRNA changes over time in hepatocyte cultures. This study reveals a classic hepatocyte dedifferentiation response, showing time-dependent regulation of phase I and phase II metabolizing enzymes.

Hepatocytes have been shown to possess the capacity to express the proteins listed below. Please note the following general observation: expression may be influenced by tissue localization, may occur only in discrete subpopulations of cells, may vary between established cell lines, primary cells, embryonic cells, mature cells, fully differentiated cells, activated cells, non-activated cells or growth conditions (confluent vs. sparse cultures), may be influenced by various disease states (including cancer environment), and may differ between species.
Note also: expression profile information lists entities only for which there is an entry in COPE or one of its subdictionaries.

The meaning of • and •• is as follows: • factor/protein is expressed; •• receptor (or, in some instances, binding sites) for this factor/protein is expressed. For further explanations concerning format, "hidden" information, and/or ambiguities see my remarks in the entry cell types.

• Activin A (EDF, erythroid differentiation factor, FRP, Follicle stimulating hormone releasing protein, Restrictin-P, WEHI-MIF, WEHI mesoderm inducing factor, INHA, inhibin-alpha, Inhibin-beta-A, INHBA) (Zhang et al, 1997; Endo et al, 2004; Huang et al, 2001; Yasuda et al, 1993; Sugiyama et al, 1998)
•• Activin A (EDF, erythroid differentiation factor, FRP, Follicle stimulating hormone releasing protein, Restrictin-P, WEHI-MIF, WEHI mesoderm inducing factor, INHA, inhibin-alpha, Inhibin-beta-A, INHBA) receptors (Yasuda et al, 1993; Kanamaru et al, 2001; Zhang et al, 1997; Date et al, 2000; Kojima et al, 1995; Hully et al, 1994; Schwall et al, 1993)
• Activin beta-A receptors (Chabicovsky et al, 2003)
• Activin beta-C (Gold et al, 2004; Vejda et al, 2002; Zhang et al, 1997)
• Activin beta-C receptors (Chabicovsky et al, 2003)
• Activin-beta-E (Vejda et al, 2002; O'Bryan et al, 2000)
• Activin-beta-E receptors (Chabicovsky et al, 2003)
• adiponectin (Adpn, Apn, ACDC, adiponectin, C1q and collagen domain containing, ADIPOQ, apM1, adipose Most abundant gene transcript-1, GBP-28, gelatin-binding protein of 28 kDa, adipocyte complement related protein of 30 kDa, Acrp30, adipocyte-specific secretory protein) (Yoda-Murakami et al, 2001)
•• adiponectin (Adpn, Apn, ACDC, adiponectin, C1q and collagen domain containing, ADIPOQ, apM1, adipose Most abundant gene transcript-1, GBP-28, gelatin-binding protein of 28 kDa, adipocyte complement related protein of 30 kDa, Acrp30, adipocyte-specific secretory protein) receptors (Tsuchida et al, 2004; Neumeier et al, 2007; Wedemeyer et al, 2009)
• Adrenomedullin (ADM, AM) (Hofbauer et al, 2002)
• aFGF (acidic fibroblast growth factor, FGF-1, Fibroblast growth factor-1, FGF-alpha, Fibroblast growth factor-alpha, HBGF-1, heparin binding growth factor-1, Endothelial cell growth factor-alpha) (Kan et al, 1989, 1992; Marsden et al, 1992)
•• aFGF (acidic fibroblast growth factor, FGF-1, Fibroblast growth factor-1, FGF-alpha, Fibroblast growth factor-alpha, HBGF-1, heparin binding growth factor-1, Endothelial cell growth factor-alpha) receptors (Kan et al, 1992; Strain et al, 1994; Ni and Yager, 1994; Houck et al, 1990)
• Albumin (LGF, liver growth factor) (Castell et al, 1988; Sirica et al, 1979; Schuetz et al, 1988; Koj et al, 1984; Gomez-Lechon et al, 1990)
• Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 1 (orosomucoid 1, orosomucoid 2, ORM, ORM1, ORM2, ORM1*F1, ORM1*F2, ORM1*S, alpha-1-AGP, alpha-1-AGP 2, AGP, AGP1, AGP2, Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein, Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 2, AGP-A, AGP-B, AGP-B-prime) (Barraud et al, 1996; Mejdoub et al, 1999; Biou et al, 1989; Castell et al, 1988; Sirica et al, 1979; Courtoy et al, 1981; Andus et al, 1981; Baumann et al, 1983, 1984; Koj et al 1984; Gross et al, 1985; Gauldie et al, 1987; Gomez-Lechon et al, 1990; Richards et al, 1996; Omori et al, 1996)
• Alpha-1-Microglobulin (Pierzchalski et al, 1992)
• Alpha-2-Macroglobulin (Alpha-2MG, Alpha-2M, A2M) (Castell et al, 1988; Baumann et al, 1984; Andus et al, 1983; Mack et al, 2001; Grunnet et al, 1999; Braghiroli et al, 1998; Meisse et al, 1998; Bauer et al, 1985; Courtoy et al, 1981; Koj et al, 1984; Gomez-Lechon et al, 1990; Richards et al, 1996; Peters et al, 1995; Schooltink et al, 1992)
•• Alpha-2-Macroglobulin (Alpha-2MG, Alpha-2M, A2M) receptors (CD91) (Zheng et al, 1994; Matthijs and Marynen, 1994)
•• ANF (Atrial natriuretic factor, natriuretic peptide, atrionatriuretic factor, Alpha-ANP, Atrial natriuretic polypeptide, ANP, Atrial polypeptide, Atriopeptin, cardionatrin, cardionatrin I, NPPA) receptors (Rashed et al, 1993; Stratton et al, 2008)
• angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2, ANGPT2) (Sanz-Cameno et al, 2006)
• angiopoietin-like-3 (ANGPTL3, Ang-5, Angiopoietin-5, Allm1, angiopoietin-like lipoprotein modulator) (Shimamura et al, 2004)
• angiopoietin-like-4 (ANGPTL4, ARP-4, angiopoietin-related protein-4, FIAF, fasting induced adipose factor, HFARP, hepatic fibrinogen/angiopoietin-related protein, PGAR, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma-related protein) (Kim et al, 2000)
•• angiotensin-2 receptors (Shah et al, 2004, 2005; Garcia-Sainz et al, 1997; Pobiner et al, 1991; Massicotte et al, 1990; Bouscarel et al, 1988; Schulte et al, 2009)
• Angiopoietin-related growth factor (AGF, ARP-5, angiopoietin-related protein-5, ANGPTL6, angiopoietin-like-6) (Oike et al, 2005)
• Annexin-1 (Annexin A1, ANX1, ANXA1, lipocortin-1, LPC1, LCT1, LC1, Lipo1, macrocortin, renocortin, lipomodulin, GIF, glycosylation inhibiting factor, CB9, chromobindin-9, calpactin-2) (Della Gaspera et al, 2001; Karasik et al, 1988; Seth et al, 2003)
• Annexin-2 (Annexin A2, ANX2, ANXA2, PAP-4, placental anticoagulant protein 4, Lipocortin-2, Endonexin-2, Calpactin-1) (Massey-Harroche et al, 1998; Seth et al, 2003; Della Gaspera et al, 2001)
• Annexin-5 (Annexin A5, ANX5, ANXA5, 35 kDa Calelectrin, 35-gamma Calcimedin, Anchorin C2, PAP-1, placental anticoagulant protein-1, CBP-I, Calphobindin-1, CBP, calphobindin, Endonexin-2, ENX2, Lipocortin V, Lipocortin-5, VAC-alpha, vascular anticoagulant-alpha, chromobindin-4, 32 kDa calcimedin, EEP 32-2, PP4, placental protein-4, CaBP33, calcium binding protein 33 kDa, CaBP37, calcium binding protein 37 kDa) (Hertogs et al, 1993; de Bruin et al, 1994, 1995; Della Gaspera et al, 2001)
• Augmenter of liver regeneration (ALR, HSS, GFER, hepatic stimulator substance, hepatic regenerative stimulation substance, HPO, Hepatopoietin, erv1-like growth factor, HERV1) (Thirunavukkarasu et al, 2008)
•• Augmenter of liver regeneration (ALR, HSS, GFER, hepatic stimulator substance, hepatic regenerative stimulation substance, HPO, Hepatopoietin, erv1-like growth factor, HERV1) receptors (An et al, 1999)

• B7-H1 (B7 homolog-1, PDCD1L1, PDCD1 Ligand 1, PDL1, programmed death-1 ligand 1, CD274) (Tang et al, 2009)
• bFGF (basic fibroblast growth factor, FGF-2, Fibroblast growth factor-2, FGF-beta, Fibroblast growth factor-beta, HBGF-2, heparin binding growth factor-2) (Kushihata et al, 1997)
•• bFGF (basic fibroblast growth factor, FGF-2, Fibroblast growth factor-2, FGF-beta, Fibroblast growth factor-beta, HBGF-2, heparin binding growth factor-2) receptors (Kan et al, 1992; Ma et al, 1999; Shimoyama et al, 1991)
• BNIP3 (BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein interacting protein-3, NIP-3) (Zamora et al, 2001; Metukuri et al, 2009)
•• bradykinin (BK, BDK, BKN, Bradykinin(1-9), BK[1-9], Alpha-2-thiol proteinase inhibitor, Fitzgerald factor, Flaujeac factor, HMWK, HMWKa, High molecular weight kininogen, HMWK-kallikrein factor, KNG, KNG1, Kininogen, Kininogen-1, LMWK, Low molecular weight kininogen, Williams factor, Williams-Fitzgerald-Flaujeac factor) receptors (Sesti et al, 2005; Savard et al, 2008)

• C1 inhibitor (C1INH, Serpin G1) (Zuraw and Lotz, 1990)
• Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CALC1, CALCA, Calcitonin gene-related polypeptide-alpha, alpha-CGRP, CGRP-alpha, beta-CGRP, CGRP-beta) (Hoouslay et al, 1994)
• cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1, CTF1) (Bustos et al, 2003)
•• cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1, CTF1) receptors (Richards et al, 1996; Peters et al, 1995; Robledo et al, 1997)
• cathepsin L (CTSL, CAL, CATL, MEP, major excreted protein, IL8 converting enzyme, CP-2, cycling protein-2, PTP, prohormone thiol convertase) (Nishimura et al, 1988, 1990, 1995)
• CCL2 (CC chemokine ligand 2, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2, GDCF, Glioma-derived monocyte chemotactic factor-2, GDCF-2, HC11, JE, LDCF, MCAF, MCP, monocyte chemoattractant protein, MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, SMC-CF, smooth muscle cell chemotactic factor, TDCF, tumor-derived chemotactic factors, TSG-8, tumor necrosis factor-stimulated gene sequence-8, SCYA2) (Dambach et al, 2002; Wang et al, 1999; Dong et al, 1998)
• CCL4 (CC chemokine ligand 4, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4, SCYA4, ACT-2, Immune activation gene-2, 744.1, G26, H400, HC21, Cytokine 21, human, LAG-1, lymphocyte activation gene-1, MIP-1-beta, macrophage inflammatory protein-1-beta, SIS-gamma) (Zhang et al, 2003)
• CCL5 (CC chemokine ligand 5, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5, RANTES, EoCP-1, Eosinophil chemotactic polypeptide-1, SIS-delta, TCP228, T-cell-specific protein p228, SCYA5) (Rowell et al, 1997; Hirano et al, 2003)
• CCL11 (CC chemokine ligand 11, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 11, SCYA11, Eotaxin, Eotaxin-1) (Jaruga et al, 2003)
• CCL16 (CC chemokine ligand 16, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 16, SCYA16, NCC4, new CC chemokine-4, LEC, liver-expressed chemokine, LCC-1, liver CC chemokine-1, HCC4, hemofiltrate CC-Chemokine-4, LMC, Lymphocyte and Monocyte Chemoattractant, Ck-beta-12, Chemokine-beta-12, Monotactin-1) (Nomiyama et al, 2001)
• CCL24 (CC chemokine ligand 24, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 24, MPIF-2, Myeloid progenitor inhibitory factor-2, Ck-beta-6, Chemokine-beta-6, eotaxin-2, SCYA24) (Jaruga et al, 2003)
• CCL26 (CC chemokine ligand 26, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 26, Eotaxin-3, IMAC, MIP-4-alpha, macrophage inflammatory protein-4-alpha, TSC-1, thymic stroma chemokine-1, SCYA26) (Jaruga et al, 2003)
• CD10 (CALLA, common acute lymphocytic leukemia antigen; common ALL antigen, endopeptidase 24.11, enkephalinase, gp100, J5, MME, membrane metalloendopeptidase, NEP, neutral endopeptidase, EC3.4.24.11, neprilysin, neutral endopeptidase, neutral endopeptidase 24.11) (Xiao et al, 2001)
• CD11b/c upregulating and chemotactic factor (Zhang et al, 1994)
• CD14 (endotoxin receptor, Leu M3, LPS-R, Mo2, MY4, myeloid cell-specific leucine-rich glycoprotein) (Bas et al, 2004; Su et al, 1999; Pan et al, 2000; Li et al, 2002; Vodovotz et al, 2001; Liu et al, 1998)
• CD14 (soluble) (endotoxin receptor, Leu M3, LPS-R, Mo2, MY4, myeloid cell-specific leucine-rich glycoprotein) (Bas et al, 2004)
• CD24 (CD24a, 30F1, B2A2, BA-1, HIS50, HSA, heat stable antigen, J11d, JIId, Ly52, M1/69, Nectadrin, LR-1, SCLC surface antigen Cluster-4, CL-4) (Tsugiki et al, 1998)
• CD36 (collagen type 1 receptor, FAT, fatty acid translocase, glycoprotein 3b, GP4, platelet glycoprotein 4, GPIIIb, Naka blood group antigen, OKM5, PAS-4 protein, periodic acid/Schiff-positive protein 4, PASIV, periodic acid/Schiff-positive band 4, platelet collagen receptor, thrombospondin receptor, UA009) (Zhang et al, 2003)
• CD40 (Bp50, TNFRSF5, TNF receptor superfamily member 5) (Afford et al, 1999; Tang et al, 2009)
• CD46 (gp45-70, HuLy-m5, MCP, membrane cofactor protein, measles virus receptor, MIC10, TLX, TRA-2-10, trophoblast-leukocyte common antigen, trophoblast-lymphocyte cross-reactive antigen) (Halme et al, 2009)
• CD54 (7F7, BB2, human rhinovirus receptor, ICAM-1, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, IFN-gamma regulated human melanoma-associated antigen, Ly47, MALA-2, Me14-D12, P3.58) (Jaruga et al, 2004; Sano et al, 1999; Morita et al, 1994; Mickelson et al, 1995; Satoh et al, 1994; Mosnier et al, 1994)
• CD55 (CD55a, CD55b, complement decay-accelerating factor, decay-accelerating factor, DAF, DAF-GPI, DAF-TM, GPI-DAF, TM-DAF, DAF1, decay-accelerating factor 1, DAF2, decay-accelerating factor 2, Cromer blood group antigen) (Spiller et al, 2000; Halme et al, 2009)
• CD58 (LFA-3, lymphocyte function-associated antigen-3, T11TS, T11 target structure) (Wang P et al, 2008; Mosnier et al, 1994; Autschbach et al, 1991)
• CD59 (protectin, MIC11, MIN1, MIN2, MIN3, MSK21, HRF20, homologous restriction factor-20 kDa, MACIF, membrane attack complex inhibitory factor, MAC-IP, MAC-inhibitory protein, H19, MIRL, membrane inhibitor of reactive lysis, P18, 1F5, 16.3A5, BRIC 229, YTH 53.1) (Spiller et al, 2000; Halme et al, 2009)
• CD63 (81H, AD1, GP55, granulophysin, LIMP, lysosomal integral membrane protein, LIMP-1, lysosomal integral membrane protein-1, ME491, melanoma associated antigen ME491, MLA1, melanoma-associated antigen 1, NGA, neuroglandular antigen, NKI-C3, OMA81H, ocular melanoma-associated antigen 81H, PLTGP40, platelet glycoprotein gp40, TSPAN30, tetraspanin 30) (Nishikata et al, 1992)
• CD66 (CD66a, BGP, biliary glycoprotein, BGP-1, biliary glycoprotein 1, CEACAM-1, CEA-related cell adhesion molecule 1, CCAM, cell-cell adhesion molecule, CEACAMPS, NCA-160, nonspecific crossreacting antigen 160) (Godfraind et al, 1998)
• CD71 (transferrin receptor, TFR, TFR1, TRFR, TFRC, OKT9, T9, OX26) (Johnson and Enns, 2004; Suzuki et al, 2004; Fleming et al, 2000; Runnegar et al, 1997; Hubert et al, 1993)
• CD81 (2F7, 5A6, S5.7, TAPA-1, target of antiproliferative antibody 1, TSPAN28, tetraspanin 28) (Silvie et a, 2003)
• CD88 (C5aR, C5a receptor, C5R1, complement component 5 receptor 1) (Koleva et al, 2002; Daveau et al, 2004)
• CD106 (alpha-4-beta-1 ligand, INCAM-110, inducible cellular adhesion molecule 110 kDa, VCAM-1, vascular cellular adhesion molecule 1) (Jaruga et al, 2004; Watanabe et al, 1995)
• CD164 (endolyn, endolyn-78, MGC-24, MGC-24v, multiglycosylated core protein-24, CD164(E1-6), MUC-24) (Ihrke et al, 2000; Rahner et al, 2000; Fujita et al, 2003)
• CD326 (17-1A antigen, AUAI antigen, CO17-1A, EGP, epithelial glycoprotein, EGP-2, epithelial glycoprotein-2, EGP40, epithelial glycoprotein 40, Ep-CAM, epithelial cellular adhesion molecule, GA733-2 antigen, gastrointestinal tumor-associated antigen 2, KS1/4 antigen, KSA, M4S1, membrane component chromosome 4 surface marker-1, MIC18, MK-1, TACSTD1, tumor-associated calcium signal transducer 1, TROP1) (Yamashita et al, 2007

erythropoietin receptors (Pinto et al, 2008)
• ceruloplasmin (Cp, ferroxidase, Fe(II) - oxygen oxidoreductase, iron (II) - oxygen oxidoreductase, EC1.16.3.1, Ran-2 antigen, rat neural antigen-2, PACAP 1-38-binding factor, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide1-38-binding factor) (DiSilvestro et al, 1988; Fleming and Gitlin, 1992; Gitlin et al, 1992; Graul et al, 1982; Grimes et al, 1988; Muntane-Relat et al, 1995; Klomp et al, 1996; McArdle et al, 1990; Weiner and Cousins, 1983)
•• CNTF (Ciliary neuronotrophic factor, ciliary neurotrophic factor, MANS, membrane-associated neurotransmitter stimulating factor) receptors (Schooltink et al, 1992; Wang and Fuller, 1995; Nesbitt et al, 1993; Schooltink et al, 1992)
• collagen type 18 (collagen-18, COL18A1, collagen-18-alpha-1, HIAF-1, human inhibitor angiogenesis factor-1, endostatin precursor) (Jia et al, 2001; Musso et al, 2001)
• complement factor B (Falus et al, 1989)
• complement factor C2 (Falus et al, 1989)
• complement factor C3 (ECI, Eosinophil cytotoxicity inhibitor, C3-beta-c, complement factor C3b, ETF-3, embryotrophic factor-3, HSE-MSF, hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cell-derived migration stimulating factor) (Falus et al, 1989, 1990; Wright et al, 2004)
• complement factor C4 (Falus et al, 1989)
• complement factor H (factor H, CFH, H factor, HF, H factor-1, HF1, beta 1 H globulin, C3b inactivator accelerator, A-C3bINA, AMBP-1, AM34 antigen, Adrenomedullin binding protein-1, AM binding protein-1) (Jacob et al, 2007; Schlaf et al, 2002; Julen et al, 1992)
• CRP (C-reactive protein, PCBP, phosphorylcholine-binding protein) (Castell et al, 1988; Tucci et al, 1983; Li et al, 2007; Gabay et al, 1999; Ivashchenko et al, 2005; Wheelhouse et al, 2006; Patel et al, 2007; Kramer et al, 2008; Sambasivam et al, 1993; MacIntyre et al, 1983; Ku and Mortensen, 1993; Blaschke et al, 2006; Agrawal et al, 2003)
•• CRP (C-reactive protein, PCBP, phosphorylcholine-binding protein) receptors (Chang et al, 2005; Arnaud et al, 2005)
• CTGF (Connective tissue growth factor, Hcs24, hypertrophic chondrocyte-specific gene product 24, Fisp-12, fibroblast inducible secreted protein-12, IGFBP8, Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-8, IGFBPrP2, Insulin-like growth factor binding protein related protein-2, Ecogenin, endochondral ossification genetic factor, CCN2) (Gressner et al, 2008)
• CXCL1 (CXC chemokine ligand 1, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1, SCYB1, CINC-1, Cytokine induced neutrophil chemoattractant-1, fsp, fibroblast secretory protein, GRO1, GRO-alpha, KC, MGSA, melanoma growth stimulatory activity, MGSA-alpha, melanoma growth stimulatory activity-alpha, NAP-3, neutrophil-activating protein-3, N51) (Rowell et al, 1997; Kaibori et al, 2004, 2006; Xu et al, 2004; Bautista and Wang, 2001; Narumi et al, 2000; Ohkubo et al, 1998; Wang et al, 1999; Dong et al, 1998; Mawet et al, 1996; Jiang et al, 2003; Deutschman et al, 1996; Campbell et al, 2003; Planagumà et al, 2002; Sheikh et al, 2006)
• CXCL2 (CXC chemokine ligand 2, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2, CINC-2-alpha, Cytokine induced neutrophil chemoattractant-2-alpha, GRO2, growth-related oncogene-2, GRO-beta, growth regulated oncogene-beta, MIP-2-alpha, macrophage inflammatory protein-2-alpha, MGSA-beta, melanoma growth stimulatory activity-beta, SCYB2) (Rowell et al, 1997)
• CXCL3 (CXC chemokine ligand 3, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 3, CINC-2-beta, Cytokine induced neutrophil chemoattractant-2-beta, DCIP-1, DC inflammatory protein-1, GRO3, GRO-gamma, growth regulated oncogene-gamma, growth-related oncogene-3, MGSA-gamma, melanoma growth stimulatory activity-gamma, MIP-2-beta, macrophage inflammatory protein-2-beta) (Rowell et al, 1997)
• CXCL5 (CXC chemokine ligand 5, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 5, ENA-78, Epithelial neutrophil-activating protein 78, epithelial cell-derived neutrophil attractant-78, LIX, LPS induced CXC chemokine, AMCF-2, Alveolar macrophage chemotactic factor-2, SCYB5) (Jaruga et al, 2004; Rowell et al, 1997)
• CXCL9 (CXC chemokine ligand 9, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9, mig, monokine induced by gamma-Interferon, Humig, Mumig, CRG-10, cytokine responsive gene-10, M119, SCYB9) (Jaruga et al, 2004; Park et al, 2001; Ren et al, 2002; Amichay et al, 1996)
• CXCL10 (CXC chemokine ligand 10, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10, IP-10, INP-10, Interferon-inducible protein-10, IFN-inducible protein 10, immune protein-10; 10 kDa interferon-inducible protein, gamma-IP-10, CRG-2, cytokine responsive gene-2, C7, Ifi10, interferon-inducible-10, mob-1, SCYB10) (Jaruga et al, 2004; Koniaris et al, 2001; Park et al, 2001; Nishioji et al, 2001; Harvey et al, 2003; Hassanshahi et al, 2007; Varley et al, 2003; Ren et al, 2002; Narumi et al, 2000; Wang et al, 1999; Amichay et al, 1996; Hassanshahi et al, 2007)
• CXCL11 (CXC chemokine ligand 11, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 11, H174, beta-R1, I-TAC, Interferon-inducible T-cell alpha chemoattractant, IP-9, interferon-gamma-inducible protein-9, SCYB11, SCYB9B) (Jaruga et al, 2004; Helbig et al, 2004)
• CXCL12 (CXC chemokine ligand 12, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12, IRH, intercrine reduced in hepatomas, hIRH, intercrine reduced in hepatomas, SDF-1-alpha, SDF-1-beta, SDF, SDF-1, Stromal cell-derived factor, Stromal cell-derived factor-1-alpha, Stromal cell-derived factor-1-beta, PBSF, pre-B-cell growth stimulating factor, TLSF, Thymic lymphoma cell stimulating factor, Thymic lymphoma cell stimulating factor-alpha, Thymic lymphoma cell stimulating factor-beta, TLSF-alpha, TLSF-beta, TPAR-1, TPA repressed gene-1, SCYB12) (Hassanshahi et al, 2008)
• CXCL14 (CXC chemokine ligand 14, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 14, BMAC, B-cell and monocyte-activating chemokine, bolekine, BRAK, breast and kidney cell chemokine, KEC, kidney-expressed chemokine, KS1, MIP-2-gamma, macrophage inflammatory protein-2-gamma, NJAC, SCYB14) (Cao et al, 2000)
• CXCL16 (CXC chemokine ligand 16, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 16, SR-PSOX, scavenger receptor that binds phosphatidylserine and oxidized lipoprotein, SCYB16) (Heydtmann et al, 2005)
• CXCR4 (CXC-Chemokine receptor 4, LESTR, leukocyte-derived 7-transmembrane domain receptor, HUMSTR, NPYRL, neuropeptide Y receptor-like, NPY3R, neuropeptide Y receptor Y3, HM89, Fusin, LCR-1, FB22, LAP3, Lipopolysaccharide-associated protein 3, SDF-1 receptor, CD184) (Vlahakis et al, 2003)

• defensin-beta-1 (beta-Defensin-1, HBD-1, DEFB1, DEFB101) (Harada et al, 2004)
• dermokine (Dmkn) (Naso et al, 2007)

• EGF (epidermal growth factor, EGF-URO, HMGF, human milk growth factor, PGF, prostatic growth factor, beta-Urogastrone, URO, URG, Urogastrone, tooth-lid factor) (Grunnet et al, 1999)
•• EGF (epidermal growth factor, EGF-URO, HMGF, human milk growth factor, PGF, prostatic growth factor, beta-Urogastrone, URO, URG, Urogastrone, tooth-lid factor) receptors (erb, erbB1, HER1) (Scheving et al, 2002; Albright et al, 2005; Shah et al, 2005; Shah et al, 2004; Imai et al, 2003; Grunnet et al, 1999; Gladhaug et al, 1992; Kimura et al, 2001; Pagan et al, 1997; Orton et al, 1996; Luo et al, 2007)
• Egr-1 (Early growth response gene-1, ETR103, d2, zif268, NGFI-A, nerve growth factor-inducible A, Krox-24, GOS-30, G0/G1 switch gene 30, TIS8, TPA-inducible sequence-8, tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate-inducible sequence-8) (Tsai et al, 2001)
• EG-VEGF (Endocrine gland-derived vascular endothelial growth factor, prokineticin-1, PROK1, PK1, PRK1, mambakine, black mamba toxin-related protein, MIT1, mamba intestinal protein 1, Bv8, Bombina variagata peptide 8) (Le Couter et al, 2003)
• endothelin-1 (ET-1(1-21), ET-1) (Cai et al, 1999)
•• endothelin-1 (ET-1(1-21), ET-1) receptors (Suzaki et al, 1993; Ghandi et al, 1992)
• endothelin-3 (ET-3) (Cai et al, 1999)
• Epiregulin (EREG, EPR) (Komurasaki et al, 2002)
•• Epiregulin (EREG, EPR) receptors (Komurasaki et al, 2002)
• erbB2 (p185erbB2, NGL, neuro/glioblastoma-derived, neu, HER2, human EGF receptor-2, CD340) (Carver et al, 2002)
• erythropoietin (Epo, Ep, ECSA, erythroid colony stimulating activity, ESF, erythropoiesis stimulating factor) (Eckardt et al, 1993; Gess et al, 1996; Rowell et al, 1997; Gopfert et al, 1997)
•• erythropoietin (Epo, Ep, ECSA, erythroid colony stimulating activity, ESF, erythropoiesis stimulating factor) receptors (Pinto et al, 2008)

•• Factor XII (coagulation factor XII, FXII, F12) receptors (Gordon et al, 1996)
• ferritin (H-Ferritin, FTH1, FTH, L-Ferritin, FTL, CD-GF, carcinoma-derived growth factor) (Ghosh et al, 2004; Hubert et al, 1993)
• ferroportin (FPN, FPN1, ferroportin-1, SLC40A1, solute carrier family 40 (iron-regulated transporter) member 1, SLC11A3, Solute carrier family 11 member 3, IREG1, iron-regulated transporter-1, MTP1, metal transporting protein 1, weissherbst, flatiron, ffe) (Adams et al, 2003;Chua et al, 2006; Zhang et al, 2004

hepcidin Kartikasari et al, 2008)
• Fetuin-A (FETUA, Fetuin, pp63, phosphorylated N-glycoprotein, 59 kDa bone sialoprotein, alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein, AHSG, alpha-2-Heremans-Schmid glycoprotein, Countertrypin, Haemonectin) (Ohnishi et al, 1997; Denecke et al, 2003; Memoli et al, 2007)
•• Fetuin-A (FETUA, Fetuin, pp63, phosphorylated N-glycoprotein, 59 kDa bone sialoprotein, alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein, AHSG, alpha-2-Heremans-Schmid glycoprotein, Countertrypin, Haemonectin) receptors (Ohnishi et al, 1997)
• Fetuin-B (FETUB, Fetuin-beta, H16G2) (Murakami et al, 2007; Denecke et al, 2003)
•• FGF-9 (Fibroblast growth factor-9, HBGF-9, heparin binding growth factor-9, GAF, glia activating factor) receptors (Antoine et al, 2007)
•• FGF-18 (Fibroblast growth factor-18) receptors (Antoine et al, 2006)
• FGF-19 (Fibroblast growth factor-19) (Song et al, 2009)
•• FGF-19 (Fibroblast growth factor-19) receptors (FGFR4) (Holt et al, 2003; Kurosu et al, 2007)
• FGF-21 (Fibroblast growth factor-21) (Huang et al, 2006; Lundåsen et al, 2007; Iizuka et al, 2009)
• FGFR1 (fibroblast growth factor receptor-1, BFGFR, basic fibroblast growth factor receptor, FGFBR, FGFB receptor, flt-2, fms-like tyrosine kinase-2, flg, fms-like gene, N-sam, Cek1, chicken embryonic kinase 1, KAL2, Kallmann syndrome 2, CD331) (Asada et al, 2004)
• FGFR2 (fibroblast growth factor receptor-2, TK-14, bek, bacterially expressed kinase, Cek3, chicken embryonic kinase 3, K-sam, KATO-III cell-derived stomach cancer amplified gene, KGF receptor, KGFR, CD332) (Asada et al, 2004)
• FGFR3 (fibroblast growth factor receptor-3, Cek2, chicken embryonic kinase 2, flg-2, fms-like gene-2, JTK4, CD333) (Asada et al, 2004)
• FGFR4 (fibroblast growth factor receptor-4, TKF, tyrosine kinase-related to fibroblast growth factor receptor, FREK, Fibroblast growth factor receptor-like embryonic kinase, JTK2, CD334) (Asada et al, 2004; Kurosu et al, 2007)
• fibronectin (FN, fibronectin-1, FN1, LETS, large external transformation-sensitive protein, Fibroblast surface antigen, SF antigen, SFA, CIg, CI globulin, cold-insoluble globulin, CSP, galactoprotein A, MSF, migration stimulating factor, Z protein) (Castell et al, 1988; Gomez-Lechon et al, 1990)
• Ficolin-3 (FCNH, H-ficolin, FCN3, collagen/fibrinogen domain-containing protein 3, HAKA1, Hakata antigen) (Akaiwa et al, 1999)
• follistatin (FST, Follicle stimulating hormone suppressing protein, FSP, Activin-binding protein) (Zhang et al, 1997; Kanzaki et al, 1994)

• gadd153 (growth arrest and DNA damage induced gene-153, DDIT3, DNA damage-inducible transcript-3, CHOP, C/EBP-homologous protein, CHOP-10, C/EBP-homologous protein-10, C/EBP-zeta, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein zeta) (Li and Holbrook, 2004; Wilkinson and Dickson, 2001)
• Galectin-3 (Gal-3, LGALS3, galactose-specific soluble lectin 3, Mac-2, macrophage galactose-specific lectin-2, L-29, CBP-35, carbohydrate binding protein-35, IgE binding factor epsilon, Epsilon BP) (Yamazaki et al, 2001)
• gliomedin (GLDN, CRGL2, cancer-related gene liver 2) (Graveel et al, 2003)
• GM-CSF (Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor, BPA, burst promoting activity, CSF-2, colony stimulating factor-2, GM-CSA, Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating activity, MGI-1GM, macrophage-granulocyte inducer, Pluripoietin-alpha) (Nagashima et al, 2003, 2005; Sakamoto et al, 1990-1991)
• gp130 (IL6ST, IL6 signal transducer, CD130) (Gabay et al, 1995; Nesbitt and Fuller, 1992; Wang and Fuller, 1994; Wang et al, 1992; Robledo et al, 1997)
•• growth hormone (GH, Somatotropic hormone, Somatotropin, GH1, growth hormone 1, GHN, growth hormone normal) receptors (Brameld et al, 1995; Marrero et al, 2004; Phung-Koskas et al, 2005; Pierce et al, 2005; Shoba et al, 2001; Strain and Ingleton, 1990; Wheelhouse et al, 1999; Beauloye et al, 1999; Lefebvre et al, 1998; Colson et al, 2000; Strand et al, 2000; Mejdoubi et al, 1999; Kachra et al, 1994)
•• Guanylin (guanylate cyclase activator 2A, GUCA2, GUCA2A) receptors (Scheving and Russell, 2001; Balint et al, 1997)

• haptoglobin (Hp) (Courtoy et al, 1981; Baumann et al, 1983, 1984; Castell et al, 1988; Koj et al, 1984; Schuetz et al, 1988; Kramer et al, 2008; Gomez-Lechon et al, 1990; Peters et al, 1995; Schooltink et al, 1992)
• HB-EGF (Heparin binding EGF-like factor, Heparin binding EGF-like growth factor, par-2, prostate apoptosis response protein 2, DTR, Diphtheria toxin receptor) (Komurasaki et al, 2002; Shah et al, 2004; Kiso et al, 1999; Caja et al, 2007)
•• HB-EGF (Heparin binding EGF-like factor, Heparin binding EGF-like growth factor, par-2, prostate apoptosis response protein 2, DTR, Diphtheria toxin receptor) receptors (Kiso et al, 1999)
• HDGF (hepatoma-derived growth factor, HuHGF, HMG1L2, high mobility group protein 1-like-2) (Yoshida et al, 2003)
• Hemopexin (HPX, Hpxn, hx, Beta-1B-glycoprotein, LB, alpha 1-globulin M, 100KF, GIG-3, growth hormone inducible gene-3, GIG-7, growth hormone inducible gene-7, GIG-10, growth hormone inducible gene-10) (Baumann et al, 1983, 1984; Muller-Eberhard et al, 1974; Thorbecke et al, 1973; Foucrier et al, 1979; Katz et al 1985; Albrecht et al, 1994; Kietzmann et al, 1995; Stred and Messina, 2003; Schuetz et al, 1988)
•• Hemopexin (HPX, Hpxn, hx, Beta-1B-glycoprotein, LB, alpha 1-globulin M, 100KF, GIG-3, growth hormone inducible gene-3, GIG-7, growth hormone inducible gene-7, GIG-10, growth hormone inducible gene-10) receptors (Hvidberg et al, 2005)
• Hepassocin (HFREP1, hepatocyte-derived fibrinogen-related protein 1, FGL1, fibrinogen-like-1, LFIRE-1, liver fibrinogen-related protein-1) (Hara et al, 2000; Yan et al, 2002)
• Hepcidin (HEPC, LEAP-1, liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide, liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide-1, HAMP, Hepcidin antimicrobial peptide, Hepcidin-1, Hepcidin-2) (Lee et al, 2005; Nemeth et al, 2004; Pinto et al, 2008; Theurl et al, 2008; Kramer et al, 2008; Harrison-Findik et al, 2009)
• Heregulin-beta-1 (erbB3, neuregulin-1) receptors (Carver et al, 1996; Scheving and Russell, 2001)
• HGF (hepatocyte growth factor, HGF/SF, Hepatocyte growth factor-scatter factor, F-TCF, fibroblast tumor cytotoxic factor, HPTA, Hepatopoietin A, SF, scatter factor, TCF, tumor cytotoxic factor) (de Juan et al, 1994; Cramer et al, 2004; Masson et al, 2001; Orton et al, 1996; Schaper et al, 1997)
• HGF-like protein (Hepatocyte growth factor-like protein, HLP, HGFL, HGFLP, Macrophage stimulating 1, MST1, MST1, MSP, macrophage stimulating protein) (Bezerra et al, 1993)
•• HGF (hepatocyte growth factor, HGF/SF, Hepatocyte growth factor-scatter factor, F-TCF, fibroblast tumor cytotoxic factor, HPTA, Hepatopoietin A, SF, scatter factor, TCF, tumor cytotoxic factor) receptors (met) (Schaper et al, 1997; Scheving et al, 2002; Cramer et al, 2004; Fukuta et al, 2005; Kaibori et al, 2004; Molnar et al, 2004; Tulasne et al, 2004; Imai et al, 2003; de Juan et al, 1994; Radaeva et al, 2002; Spijkers et al, 2001; Grunnet et al, 1999; Pagan et al, 1997; Orton et al, 1996; de Juan et al, 1994; Yamashita et al, 2000; Efimova et al, 2004)
• histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRGP, HRG, HRGP330, HPRG, Histidine-proline-rich glycoprotein, CM-protein I) (Hulett and Parish, 2000)

•• IFN-alpha (interferon-alpha, Alpha-Interferon, aIFN, B-cell interferon, Leukocyte interferon, LeIFN, Lymphoblast interferon, LyIFN-alpha) receptors (CD118) (Radaeva et al, 2002)
• IFN-gamma (IFNG, interferon-gamma, Gamma-Interferon, gIFN) (Lord et al, 2001)
•• IFN-gamma (IFNG, interferon-gamma, Gamma-Interferon, gIFN) receptors (CD119, IFNGR1, AVP type 2, antiviral protein type 2, immune interferon receptor) (Park et al, 2001; Halme et al, 2009)
• IGF-1 (Insulin-like growth factor-1, Erythropoietic factor, mechano growth factor, MGF, ILGF1, somatomedin C, NSILA, non-suppressible insulin-like activity, Somatomedin A, Somatomedin C, sulfation factor) (Ajuwon et al, 2003; Pierce et al, 2005; Goya et al, 2001; Shoba et al, 2001; Lelbach et al, 2001; Brameld et al, 1995; Denver and Nicoll, 1994; Lamas et al, 1991; Wheelhouse et al, 1999; Beauloye et al, 1999; Lefebvre et al, 1998; Hassanshahi et al, 2007)
•• IGF-1 (Insulin-like growth factor-1, Erythropoietic factor, mechano growth factor, MGF, ILGF1, somatomedin C, NSILA, non-suppressible insulin-like activity, Somatomedin A, Somatomedin C, sulfation factor) receptors (IGF1R, CD221) (Kundu et al, 2003; Grunnet et al, 1999)
• IGF-2 (Insulin-like growth factor-2, Growth-promoting activity for vascular endothelial cells, T3M-11-derived growth factor, ILGF2, MSA, multiplication stimulating activity, NSILA, non-suppressible insulin-like activity, Somatomedin A, sulfation factor, SGF, skeletal growth factor, HP1-SMP, HP3-SMP, Somatomedin/insulin-like growth factor-like polypeptides) (Goya et al, 2001; Lee et al, 2001; Lamas et al, 1991; Sedlaczek et al, 2003)
•• IGF-2 (Insulin-like growth factor-2, Growth-promoting activity for vascular endothelial cells, T3M-11-derived growth factor, ILGF2, MSA, multiplication stimulating activity, NSILA, non-suppressible insulin-like activity, Somatomedin A, sulfation factor, SGF, skeletal growth factor, HP1-SMP, HP3-SMP, Somatomedin/insulin-like growth factor-like polypeptides) receptors (IGF2R, CD222, mannose-6-phosphate receptor; MPR, CIM6PR, cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor, MPRI, MPR300) (Lamas et al, 1991; Menuelle et al, 1999; Nishikawa et al, 1998; Schmitz et al, 1995; Scott and Baxter, 1987)
• IGFBP1 (Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1, 34 k IGFBP, AFBP, amniotic fluid binding protein, Alpha-pregnancy-associated endometrial globulin, Binding protein-25, Binding protein-26, Binding protein-28, BP-34, BP-3A, endometrial protein 14, Growth hormone independent binding protein, IGF-BP25, PP12, placental protein 12, pregnancy-associated endometrial alpha-1-globulin) (Eghbali-Fatourechi et al, 1994; Marchand et al, 2005; Gnainsky et al, 2004; Lee et al, 2001; Lelbach et al, 2001; Popovici et al, 2001; Menuelle et al, 1999; Denver and Nicoll, 1994; Eghbali-Fatourechi et al, 1994; Scharf et al, 1996; Arany et al, 1994; Kachra et al, 1994)
• IGFBP2 (Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2) (Denver and Nicoll, 1994; Popovici et al, 2001; Scharf et al, 1996; Demori et al, 1999; Boni-Schnetzler et al, 1990)
• IGFBP3 (Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3, BP-53, Growth hormone dependent binding protein, Binding protein-29) (Lee et al, 2001; Popovici et al, 2001)
• IGFBP4 (Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-4, Colon cancer cell growth inhibitor, HT29-IGFBP, HT29 insulin-like growth factor binding protein) (Demori et al, 2004; Fernandez-Celemin and Thissen, 2001; Lelbach et al, 2001; Popovici et al, 2001; Denver and Nicoll, 1994; Scharf et al, 1996)
• IL1-alpha (IL1A, interleukin-1-alpha, BAF, B-cell activating factor, BCAF, B-cell activating factor, EP, endogenous pyrogens, LAF, lymphocyte activating factor, LEM, leukocyte endogenous mediator, MCF, mononuclear cell factor, MNCF, mononuclear cell factor, MP, mitogenic protein, TRF-3, T-cell replacing factor-3, Tumor inhibitory factor-2) (Kasprzak et al, 2004)
•• IL1-alpha (IL1A, interleukin-1-alpha, BAF, B-cell activating factor, BCAF, B-cell activating factor, EP, endogenous pyrogens, LAF, lymphocyte activating factor, LEM, leukocyte endogenous mediator, MCF, mononuclear cell factor, MNCF, mononuclear cell factor, MP, mitogenic protein, TRF-3, T-cell replacing factor-3, Tumor inhibitory factor-2) receptors (IL1R, IL1RA, IL1R1, IL1 receptor type 1, IL1RB, IL1R2, IL1 receptor type 2, CD121a, CD121b) (Lee et al, 2005)
•• IL1-beta (IL1B, interleukin-1-beta, Catabolin, H1, Hematopoietin-1, IFN-beta inducing factor, Interleukin-beta, OAF, osteoclast activating factor) receptors (IL1R, IL1RA, IL1R1, IL1 receptor type 1, IL1RB, IL1R2, IL1 receptor type 2, CD121a, CD121b) (Kohira et al, 1993; Lee et al, 2005; Yerkovich et al, 2004; Halme et al, 2009)
• IL1ra (IL1 receptor antagonist, IL1RN, IL1 inhibitor, IRAP, IL1 receptor antagonist protein, IL1 inhibitory activity, ILS, IL1F3, IL1 family member 3) (Gabay et al, 1999; Molnar et al, 2004; Fujioka et al, 1995; Gabay et al, 2001)
•• IL1 (interleukin-1) receptors (IL1R, IL1RA, IL1R1, IL1 receptor type 1, IL1RB, IL1R2, IL1 receptor type 2, CD121a, CD121b) (Ito et al, 1999; Matsumura et al, 2004; Teshima et al, 2004; Calleja et al, 1997; Geller et al, 1995)
• IL2 (Interleukin-2, BF, blastogenic factor, EDF, eosinophil differentiation factor, KHF, killer cell helper factor, LMF, lymphocyte mitogenic factor, LPF, lymphocyte proliferation factor, MAF-C I, macrophage-activating factor for cytotoxicity I, PFC-EA, plaque forming cell enhancing factor, SCIF, secondary cytotoxic T-cell inducing factor, TCGF, T-cell growth factor, TCPA, T colony-promoting activity, TDF, thymocyte differentiation factor, T-LPF, T-lymphocyte promotor factor, TMF, thymocyte mitogenic factor, T-cell maturation factor, T-cell mitogenic factor, TRF-3, T-cell replacing factor-3, TSF, thymocyte stimulating factor) (Kasprzak et al, 2004; Lord et al, 2001)
•• IL2 (Interleukin-2, BF, blastogenic factor, EDF, eosinophil differentiation factor, KHF, killer cell helper factor, LMF, lymphocyte mitogenic factor, LPF, lymphocyte proliferation factor, MAF-C I, macrophage-activating factor for cytotoxicity I, PFC-EA, plaque forming cell enhancing factor, SCIF, secondary cytotoxic T-cell inducing factor, TCGF, T-cell growth factor, TCPA, T colony-promoting activity, TDF, thymocyte differentiation factor, T-LPF, T-lymphocyte promotor factor, TMF, thymocyte mitogenic factor, T-cell maturation factor, T-cell mitogenic factor, TRF-3, T-cell replacing factor-3, TSF, thymocyte stimulating factor) receptors (CD25, TAC antigen, Ly43, OX39) (CD122, CD132) (Tinel et al, 1995, 1999; Calleja et al, 1997)
•• IL4 (Interleukin-4, BCDF-epsilon, B-cell differentiation factor-epsilon, BCDF-gamma, B-cell differentiation factor-gamma, BCGF-gamma, B-cell growth factor-gamma, BCGF-1, B-cell growth factor-1, Binetrakin, BSF-1, B-cell stimulating factor-1, BSF-p1, B-cell stimulating factor p1, EL4-BCGF, EL4 B-cell growth factor, HCGF, Hodgkin's cell growth factor, IgE-EF, IgE enhancing factor, IgG1-enhancing factor, IgG1-induction factor, LMW-BCGF, low molecular weight B-cell growth factor, MaGEF, Mast cell growth enhancing factor, MCGF-2, mast cell growth factor-2, MFF, macrophage fusion factor, Pitrakinra, TCGF-2, T-cell growth factor-2) receptors (CD124) (Gabay et al, 1999; Langouet et al, 1995; Loyer et al, 1993; Lagadic-Gossmann et al, 2002)
• IL6 (interleukin-6, 26 kDa protein, BSF-2, B-cell stimulating factor-2, CDF, CAT development factor, choline acetyltransferase development factor, Cytolytic differentiation factor for T-lymphocytes, FDGI, fibroblast-derived growth inhibitor, HGF, hybridoma growth factor, HPGF, hybridoma/plasmacytoma growth factor, HSF, hepatocyte stimulating factor, HSF-1, hepatocyte stimulating factor-1, ILHP1, Interleukin-hemopoietin-1, MGI-2A, Macrophage-granulocyte inducer-2A, Myeloma GF, myeloma growth factor, NKAF, natural killer cell activating factor, TAF, T-cell activating factor, Thymocyte growth factor, TSF, thymocyte stimulating factor) (Cataldegirmen et al, 2005; Mitnick et al, 2001; Dong et al, 1998; Balasubramaniyan et al, 2007)
•• IL6 (interleukin-6, 26 kDa protein, BSF-2, B-cell stimulating factor-2, CDF, CAT development factor, choline acetyltransferase development factor, Cytolytic differentiation factor for T-lymphocytes, FDGI, fibroblast-derived growth inhibitor, HGF, hybridoma growth factor, HPGF, hybridoma/plasmacytoma growth factor, HSF, hepatocyte stimulating factor, HSF-1, hepatocyte stimulating factor-1, ILHP1, Interleukin-hemopoietin-1, MGI-2A, Macrophage-granulocyte inducer-2A, Myeloma GF, myeloma growth factor, NKAF, natural killer cell activating factor, TAF, T-cell activating factor, Thymocyte growth factor, TSF, thymocyte stimulating factor) receptors (CD126) (Brass and Vetter, 2002; Lee et al, 2005; Nemeth et al, 2004; Gabay et al, 1999; Ohira et al, 1996; Nesbitt and Fuller, 1992)
•• IL6 (interleukin-6, 26 kDa protein, BSF-2, B-cell stimulating factor-2, CDF, CAT development factor, choline acetyltransferase development factor, Cytolytic differentiation factor for T-lymphocytes, FDGI, fibroblast-derived growth inhibitor, HGF, hybridoma growth factor, HPGF, hybridoma/plasmacytoma growth factor, HSF, hepatocyte stimulating factor, HSF-1, hepatocyte stimulating factor-1, ILHP1, Interleukin-hemopoietin-1, MGI-2A, Macrophage-granulocyte inducer-2A, Myeloma GF, myeloma growth factor, NKAF, natural killer cell activating factor, TAF, T-cell activating factor, Thymocyte growth factor, TSF, thymocyte stimulating factor) receptors (CD126) (soluble) (Mitnick et al, 2001; Desgeorges et al, 1997; Cichy et al, 1997; Peters et al, 1995; Arnaud et al, 2005)
• IL7 (Interleukin-7, B-cell precursor growth-promoting activity, Lpo-1, lymphopoietin-1, LP-1, PBGF, Pre-B-cell growth factor, serum factor from patients with ulcerative colitis, Thymocyte growth factor) (Rowell et al, 1997; Sawa et al, 2009)
• IL8 (interleukin-8, SCYB8, 3-10C, 9E3, ANAP, anionic neutrophil-activating peptide, Chemotaxin, CEF-4, CT/IL8, CXCL8, CXC chemokine ligand 8, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 8, EDNAP, endothelial-derived neutrophil-activating peptide, EMF-1, embryo fibroblast protein 1, Emoctakin, ENAP, Endothelial cell neutrophil-activating peptide, FDNAP, Fibroblast-derived neutrophil-activating peptide, FINAP, fibroblast-derived neutrophil-activating protein, GCF, granulocyte chemotactic factor, GCP, granulocyte chemotactic peptide, LAI, leukocyte adhesion inhibitor, LCF, lymphocyte chemotactic factors, LDNAP, leukocyte-derived neutrophil-activating peptide, LIF, leukocyte inhibitory factor, LUCT, lung carcinoma-derived chemotaxin, LYNAP, lymphocyte-derived neutrophil-activating peptide, MDNAP, monocyte-derived neutrophil-activating peptide, MDNCF, monocyte-derived neutrophil chemotactic factor, MOC, monocyte-derived chemotaxin, MONAP, monocyte-derived neutrophil-activating peptide, NAF, neutrophil-activating factor, NAP-1, neutrophil-activating protein-1, NCF, neutrophil chemotactic factor, NCP, neutrophil chemotactic protein, PLF, psoriatic leukotactic factor, TCF, T-cell chemotactic factor, TSG-1, Tumor necrosis factor-stimulated gene sequence-1) (Joshi-Barve et al, 2003, 2007; Nagashima et al, 2005; Zhou et al, 2004; Dong et al, 1998; Rowell et al, 1997; Thornton et al, 1990)
•• IL8 (interleukin-8, SCYB8, 3-10C, 9E3, ANAP, anionic neutrophil-activating peptide, Chemotaxin, CEF-4, CT/IL8, CXCL8, CXC chemokine ligand 8, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 8, EDNAP, endothelial-derived neutrophil-activating peptide, EMF-1, embryo fibroblast protein 1, Emoctakin, ENAP, Endothelial cell neutrophil-activating peptide, FDNAP, Fibroblast-derived neutrophil-activating peptide, FINAP, fibroblast-derived neutrophil-activating protein, GCF, granulocyte chemotactic factor, GCP, granulocyte chemotactic peptide, LAI, leukocyte adhesion inhibitor, LCF, lymphocyte chemotactic factors, LDNAP, leukocyte-derived neutrophil-activating peptide, LIF, leukocyte inhibitory factor, LUCT, lung carcinoma-derived chemotaxin, LYNAP, lymphocyte-derived neutrophil-activating peptide, MDNAP, monocyte-derived neutrophil-activating peptide, MDNCF, monocyte-derived neutrophil chemotactic factor, MOC, monocyte-derived chemotaxin, MONAP, monocyte-derived neutrophil-activating peptide, NAF, neutrophil-activating factor, NAP-1, neutrophil-activating protein-1, NCF, neutrophil chemotactic factor, NCP, neutrophil chemotactic protein, PLF, psoriatic leukotactic factor, TCF, T-cell chemotactic factor, TSG-1, Tumor necrosis factor-stimulated gene sequence-1) receptors (CXCR1 and/or CXCR2) (Eigmore et al, 1997; Bone-Larson et al, 2001)
• IL10 (interleukin-10, B-TCGF, B-cell derived T-cell growth factor, CSIF, cytokine synthesis inhibitory factor, TGIF, T-cell growth inhibitory factor) (Cataldegirmen et al, 2005; Ishizaka et al, 1996; Alfrey et al, 1995)
•• IL10 (interleukin-10, B-TCGF, B-cell derived T-cell growth factor, CSIF, cytokine synthesis inhibitory factor, TGIF, T-cell growth inhibitory factor) receptors (Yerkovich et al, 2004; Louis et al, 1998)
•• IL11 (Interleukin-11, AGIF, adipogenesis inhibitory factor, HPAEC survival factor, human pulmonary artery endothelial cell-derived survival factor, Megakaryocyte colony stimulating factor, Plasmacytoma stimulatory activity, T1154 mitogenic activity, Oprelvekin, Neumega) receptors (Baumann and Schendel, 1991; Gabay et al, 1996; Baumann and Schendel, 1991)
•• IL12 (IL12A, IL12-alpha IL12B, IL12-beta, IL12-p35, IL12-p40, IL12-p70, Interleukin-12, Interleukin-12A, Interleukin-12B, CLMF, cytotoxic lymphocyte maturation factor, NKSF, natural killer cell stimulatory factor, NKSF1, natural killer cell stimulatory factor-1, NKSF2, natural killer cell stimulatory factor-2, TcMF, CTL maturation factor, TSF, T-cell stimulating factor) receptors (Park et al, 2001)
•• IL13 (Interleukin-13, NC30, P600) receptors (Gabay et al, 1999; Kato et al, 2003)
• IL15 (Interleukin-15, IL-T, Interleukin T) (Rowell et al, 1997)
• IL17 (Interleukin-17, IL17A, interleukin-17A) (Patel et al, 2007)
• IL18 (interleukin-18, IGIF, IFN-gamma inducing factor, IL1-gamma, IL1F4, IL1 family member 4, Iboctadekin) (Chia et al, 2002)
•• IL22 (Interleukin-22, IL-TIF, IL10-related T-cell derived inducible factor) receptors (Dumoutier et al, 2001; Radaeva et al, 2004; Dambacher et al, 2008)
•• IL27 (interleukin-27, EBI-3, EBV induced gene-3, IL27B, p28, IL27p28, IL30, interleukin-30) receptors (WSX-1, T-cell cytokine receptor, TCCR) (Bender et al, 2009)
• inhibin-beta-A (INHBA, Activin A, erythroid differentiation factor, EDF, FRP, follicle stimulating hormone releasing protein, FSH releasing protein, FSH releasing factor) (Zhang et al, 1997)
•• insulin receptors (CD220, INSR) (Ballotti R et al, 1987; Blackard WG et al, 1978; Blázquez E et al, 1986; Bonser AM and Garcia-Webb, 1984; Cabello MA et al, 1990; Caliendo AM and Patel, 1983; Caro JF et al, 1988; Caro JF et al, 1992; Caro JF and Amatruda, 1980; Draznin B et al, 1984; Escribano O et al, 2002; Fehlmann M et al, 1982; Gammeltoft S et al, 1978; Goodner CJ et al, 1988; Kato S et al, 1982; Kolaczynski et al, 1993; Lange K et al, 1998; Levy JR and Olefsky,1987; McClain DA and Olefsky, 1988; Nevado C et al, 2006; Rothenberg PL and Kahn, 1988; Svedberg J et al, 1992; Ueno T and Ozaki, 1990; Zachayus JL et al, 1994; Zachayus JL et al, 1996)
• insulysin (insulin-degrading enzyme, IDE, insulin protease, insulin proteinase, insulinase, EC3.4.24.56) (Akiyama et al, 1988; Yokono et al, 1982; Kuo et al, 1993; Zhao J et al, 2009)

•• KGF (keratinocyte growth factor, HBGF-7, heparin binding growth factor-7, FGF-7, fibroblast growth factor-7) receptors (Housley et al, 1994; Strain et al, 1994; Senaldi et al, 1998; Suzuki et al, 1993)

•• lactoferrin (LF, Lactotransferrin, LTF) receptors (Bennatt and McAbee, 1997)
• LECT2 [leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin-2] (Yamagoe et al, 1997; Uchida et al, 1999)
•• Leptin (ob, ob/ob, obese protein, obesity factor) receptors (OBR, CD295, db, db/db, fatty, fa, fa/fa) (Ajuwon et al, 2003; Otte et al, 2004; Shimamura et al, 2004; Balasubramaniyan et al, 2007; Chen et al, 2006)
•• LIF (ABAE cell growth-inhibitory activity; CDF, cholinergic differentiation factor, CNDF, cholinergic neuronal differentiation factor, D-Factor, differentiation stimulating factor, DIA, differentiation inhibiting activity, DIF, differentiation inducing factor, DRF, Differentiation-retarding factor, ES cell growth factor, ESCGF, embryonic stem cell growth factor, GATS, growth stimulatory activity for TS1 cells, HILDA, human interleukin for Da cells, HSF-2, hepatocyte stimulating factor-2, HSF-3, hepatocyte stimulating factor-3, Lipoprotein lipase inhibitor, M1 differentiation inducing activity, MCGEF, mast cell growth-enhancing factor, MLPLI, melanoma-derived lipoprotein lipase inhibitor, OAF, osteoclast activating factor) receptors (CD118) (Pierzchalski et al, 1992; Mezzasoma et al, 1993; Hilton et al, 1991; Kordula et al, 1991; Richards et al, 1996; Peters et al, 1995; Robledo et al, 1997)
•• LIGHT (TNFSF14, TNF ligand superfamily member 14, HVEM ligand, HVEM-L, Herpesvirus entry mediator ligand, CD258) receptors (Matsui et al, 2002; Anders et al, 2005)
• lipocalin-2 (LCN2, 24p3, 25 kDa alpha-2-microglobulin-related subunit of MMP-9, Alpha-2-microglobulin related protein, Ex-FABP, extracellular fatty acid-binding protein, HNL, human neutrophil lipocalin, lipocalin 24p3, MSFI, migration stimulating factor inhibitor, NGAL, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, NRL, neu-related lipocalin, Scn, siderocalin, SIP24, superinducible protein 24 kDa, SV40-induced 24P3 protein, Uterocalin) (Jayaraman et al, 2005; Liu et al, 2003; Sunil et al, 2007)
• LTBP1 (Latent TGF-beta binding protein-1) (Roth et al, 1997)
•• lymphotoxin-beta (LT-beta, LTB, TNFSF3, TNF ligand superfamily member 3, TNF C, tumor necrosis factor C) receptors (Anders et al, 2005)

• M-CSF (macrophage colony stimulating factor, CSF-1, colony stimulating factor-1, CSF-HU, Urinary colony stimulating factor, MGF, macrophage growth factor, MGI-1M, macrophage-granulocyte inducer, op, osteopetrotic, toothless, tl, Lanimostim) (Nagashima et al, 2003, 2005; Rowell et al, 1997)
• Metallothionein-1 (metallothionein, MT-1) (McArdle et al, 1990)
• Metallothionein-2 (McArdle et al, 1990)

•• MIF (MMIF, macrophage migration inhibitory factor, GIF, glycosylation inhibiting factor, phenylpyruvate tautomerase, PPT, EC5.3.2.1, phenylpyruvate keto-enol isomerase) receptors (Wheelhouse et al, 2006)
• MMP-2 (matrix metalloproteinase-2, EC3.4.24.24, 70 kDa gelatinase, 72 kDa gelatinase, 72 kDa metalloproteinase, collagenase type 4, collagenase type 4A, 72 kDa type IV collagenase, Gelatinase 72 kDa, Gelatinase A, Type IV collagenase, Type IVA collagenase, neutrophil gelatinase) (Callejas et al, 2001; Zhao et al, 2004; Haruyama et al, 2000; Garciade Leon Mdel et al, 2006)
• MMP-3 (matrix metalloproteinase-3, stromelysin-1, STMY1, STR1, SL-1, transin, transin-1, collagenase activating protein, procollagenase activator, proteoglycanase) (Garciade Leon Mdel et al, 2006; Jeong et al, 2006)
• MMP-7 (matrix metalloproteinase-7, matrilysin, Matrilysin-1, PUMP, punctuated metalloproteinase, pump-1, putative metalloproteinase-1, matrin, EC3.4.24.23) (Huang et al, 2005)
• MMP-9 (matrix metalloproteinase-9, EC3.4.24.35, gelatinase B, 92 kDa gelatinase, 92 kDa type IV collagenase, or PMNL gelatinase, polymorphonuclear leukocyte gelatinase, gelatinase type IV-B, collagenase type 5, collagenase-5, CL-5) (Chung et al, 2004; Haruyama et al, 2000)
• MMP-10 (matrix metalloproteinase-10, stromelysin-2, STMY2, SL-2, ST-2, transin-2, EC3.4.24.22) (Garciade Leon Mdel et al, 2006)
• MMP-13 (matrix metalloproteinase-13, Collagenase-3, CLG3, CL-3) (Garciade Leon Mdel et al, 2006)
• MMP-14 (matrix metalloproteinase-14, MT1-MMP, Membrane-type matrix metalloproteinase-1, MT-MMP-1, MMP-X1) (Knittel et al, 1999)
• MMP-15 (matrix metalloproteinase-15, MT2-MMP, Membrane-type matrix metalloproteinase-2, MT-MMP-2) (Zhao et al, 2004; Theret et al, 1998)
• MPR [mannose-6-phosphate receptor] (Scott and Baxter, 1996; Orton et al, 1996)

• NGF (nerve growth factor, 7S NGF, 7S nerve growth factor, NGF-alpha, Nerve growth factor-alpha, kallikrein Klk1b4, Klk1b4, NGF-beta, NGFB, Nerve growth factor-beta, NGFG, NGF-gamma, Nerve growth factor-gamma, kallikrein Klk1b3, Klk1b3) (Oakley et al, 2003; Tokusashi et al, 2005; Kishibe et al, 2002)
• Notch-1 (Notch, TAN-1, translocation-associated notch homolog-1) (Kohler et al, 2004)
•• Notch-1 (Notch, TAN-1, translocation-associated notch homolog-1) receptors (jagged-1) (Kohler et al, 2004)
• Notch-2 (Nijjar et al, 2001)
• Notch-3 (CADASIL, cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy) (Nijjar et al, 2001)

•• Oncostatin M (OSM, OM, Onco M, OnM) receptors (Matsui et al, 2002; Guillen et al, 1998; Cichy et al, 1997; Richards et al, 1997; Znoyko et al, 2005; Richards et al, 1996; Peters et al, 1995)

•• PACAP (pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide, ADCYAP1, adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide 1, PACAP(1-27), PACAP27, PACAP(1-38), PACAP38) receptors (el Fahime et al, 1996)
• PAI-1 (Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, PAI, plasminogen activator inhibitor, endothelial plasminogen activator inhibitor, Serpin E1, MSF, monocyte suppressor factor, EIP-1, EGF-inducible protein 1, mesosecrin) (Takeshita et al, 2008)
• PAI-2 (Plasminogen activator inhibitor-2, placental plasminogen activator inhibitor, epidermal plasminogen activator inhibitor, monocyte-derived plasminogen activator inhibitor, Monocyte Arg-serpin, PLANH2, urokinase inhibitor, PP10, placental protein 10, Serpin B2) (Gohl et al, 1996)
•• pancreatic polypeptide (PP, PPY, PNP) receptors (Seymor et al, 1998)
•• PDGF (platelet-derived growth factor, PDGF-1, PDGF-2, PDGF-A, PDGF-AA, PDGF-B, PDGF-BB, FDGF, fibroblast-derived growth factor, GDGF, glioma-derived growth factor-1, GDGF-2, glioma-derived growth factor-2, GSM, Glucocorticoid-suppressible mitogenic activity, MDF, mesangial cell proliferating factor, MDGF, monocyte-derived growth factor, OBIF, osteoblastogenesis inhibitory factor, ODGF, osteosarcoma-derived growth factor, T47D factor) receptors (Kimura and Ogihara, 1998; Palman et al, 1992)
• PEDF (pigment epithelium-derived factor, EPC-1, early population doubling level cDNA, Caspin, SDF-3, Stromal cell-derived factor-3, Serpin F1) (Sawant et al, 2004)
• perforin-1 (pore-forming protein-1, perforin, pore-forming protein, PFP, PFN, PRF1, PFN1) (Guy et al, 2008)
• PI9 (proteinase inhibitor-9, Serpin B9, CAP3, cytoplasmic antiproteinase 3, serine proteinase inhibitor-6, SPI-6) (Barrie et al, 2004; Krieg et al, 2001; Kanamori et al, 2000; Jiang et al, 2006; Stout-Delgado et al, 2007)
• pleiotrophin (PTN, HARP, heparin affin regulatory peptide, HBBM, heparin binding brain mitogen, HB-GAF, heparin binding growth-associated factor, HB-GAM, heparin binding growth-associated molecule, HBGF-8, heparin binding growth factor-8, HBNF, heparin binding neurotrophic factor, NEGF-1, neurite growth-promoting factor-1, OSF-1, osteoblast-specific factor-1) (Park et al, 2008)
•• prolactin (PRL, lactogenic hormone, lactotropin, lactotropic hormone, mammotropin, mammotropic hormone, luteotropic hormone, LTH, luteotropin) receptors (Bogorad et al, 2004; Zenkova et al, 2003; Yokoyama et al, 2003; Strain and Ingleton, 1990; Ouhit et al, 1994; Barash et al, 1988)
• PTHrP (parathyroid hormone-like related protein, PTH-related protein, parathyroid hormone-related protein, PTHR, PTH-related peptide, Parathyroid hormone-related peptide, parathyroid hormone-like hormone, PTHLH) (Funk et al, 1997)
•• PTHrP (parathyroid hormone-like related protein, PTH-related protein, parathyroid hormone-related protein, PTHR, PTH-related peptide, Parathyroid hormone-related peptide, parathyroid hormone-like hormone, PTHLH) receptors (Funk et al, 1997)

• RAGE (receptor for advanced glycosylation end products, AGER, advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor) (Cataldegirmen et al, 2005)
• Reelin (RELN, RL, reeler, CR-50 antigen) (Smalheiser et al, 2000; Kobold et al, 2002)
• RIG-I (Retinoic acid inducible gene-I, DDX58, DEAD box polypeptide 58, DEAD/H BOX 58) (Li K et al, 2005)
• RTF (Regeneration and tolerance factor, TJ6, ATP6V0A2, H(+) transporting lysosomal ATPase V0 subunit A2, A2V-ATPase, V-ATPase, vacuolar-type proton pump H(+)-ATPase) (Chedid et al, 2001)

• SCF (stem cell factor, HLGF-1, hemolymphopoietic growth factor-1), KL, kit ligand, KITL, KITLG, Mast/stem cell growth factor, MGF, mast cell growth factor, SLF, steel factor) (Rowell et al, 1997)
• serum amyloid A (serum amyloid A, SAA, SAA1, serum amyloid A1, SAA2, serum amyloid A2, SAAL, A-SAA, acute phase serum amyloid A) (Baumann et al, 1983; Matsumura et al, 2004; Rokita et al, 1987; Castell et al, 1988)
•• somatostatin (SST, Somatotropin release inhibiting hormone, SIH, Somatotropin release inhibiting factor, SRIF, growth hormone-inhibiting hormone, GIH, growth hormone release inhibitory hormone, GH-RIH) receptors (Barreca et al, 1997; Kothary et al, 1995; Ren et al, 1992)
•• stanniocalcin 1 (STC1, STC, STC50, stanniocalcin, hypocalcin, teleocalcin) receptors (James et al, 2005)
• STAT1 (signal transducer and activator of transcription-1, STAT1-alpha, STAT1-beta, p91, Stat91, p84) (Radaeva et al, 2002; Bender et al, 2009)
• STAT2 (signal transducer and activator of transcription-2, p113) (Radaeva et al, 2002)
• STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription-3, APRF, acute phase response factor, STAT3-alpha, STAT3-beta, STAT3-gamma, STAT3-delta) (Schaper et al, 1997; Radaeva et al, 2002)
• STAT5 (signal transducer and activator of transcription-5, STAT5a, STAT5b) (Radaeva et al, 2002)
•• substance P (Neurokinin-1, NK1, Tac1, tachykinin-1) receptors (Bang et al, 2004)
• Survivin (SVV, Apoptosis inhibitor 4, API4, TIAP, Thiol inhibitor of apoptosis, BIRC5, baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein-5) (Moon and Tarnawski, 2003; Baba et al, 2008)
• Syndecan-1 (CD138, syndecan, SDC1, Synd1, SD-1, 104-9 antigen, 1D4 antigen, B-B2 antigen, B-B4 antigen, Mi15) (Anisfeld et al, 2003; Matsumoto et al, 1997; Kovalszky et al, 1994)

• TCTP (translationally controlled tumor protein, TPT1, tumor protein translationally-controlled-1, fortilin, p23, IgE-HRF, IgE-dependent histamine releasing factor) (Sanchez et al, 1997)
• TGF-alpha (transforming growth factor-alpha, TGFA, TGF-A, MDGF-2, milk-derived growth factor-2, TCGF, transformed cell growth factor, wa-1, waved-1) (Galluci et al, 2000; Komurasaki et al, 2002; Scheving et al, 2002; Kato et al, 2003; Orton et al, 1996; Jaskiewicz and Chasen, 1995; Caja et al, 2007)
• TGF-beta (transforming growth factor-beta, TGFB, B-TGF, Aqueous humor lymphocyte inhibitory activity, DIF, differentiation-inhibiting factor, EGI, epithelial cell-specific growth inhibitor; epithelial growth inhibitor, EIF, Epstein-Barr virus inducing factor, Epithelial cell growth inhibiting factor, G-TsF, glioma-derived T-cell suppressor factor, MDGF, milk-derived growth factor, MGF, milk growth factor, Polyergin, Simian BSC-1 cell growth inhibitor, SP factor, TCGF, transformed cell growth factor, TGI, tissue-derived growth inhibitor, TIF-1, tumor inducing factor-1) (Bissell et al, 1995; Jeong et al, 2004; Hoshino et al, 1997; Gao et al, 1996; Orton et al, 1996; Balasubramaniyan et al, 2007; Gressner et al, 2008; Caja et al, 2007)
•• TGF-beta (transforming growth factor-beta, TGFB, B-TGF, Aqueous humor lymphocyte inhibitory activity, DIF, differentiation-inhibiting factor, EGI, epithelial cell-specific growth inhibitor; epithelial growth inhibitor, EIF, Epstein-Barr virus inducing factor, Epithelial cell growth inhibiting factor, G-TsF, glioma-derived T-cell suppressor factor, MDGF, milk-derived growth factor, MGF, milk growth factor, Polyergin, Simian BSC-1 cell growth inhibitor, SP factor, TCGF, transformed cell growth factor, TGI, tissue-derived growth inhibitor, TIF-1, tumor inducing factor-1) receptors (Date et al, 2000; Kakihara et al, 2000; Matsumura et al, 2004; Nishikawa et al, 1998; Pagan et al, 1997)
• thrombopoietin (Ishikawa et al, 2000; Yamashita et al, 2000; Shimada et al, 1995; Nakanishi et al, 1999)
• thymosin-beta-4 (TMSB4, TMSB4X, Tb4, Tbeta-4, 6-26, Fx) (Otero et al, 1993)
• TIMP-1 (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1, TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1, TIMP, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases, HCI, human collagenase inhibitor, CLGI, 3/10, 16C8, Fibroblast elongation factor, fibroblast collagenase inhibitor, B1 anticollagenase, Beta-1 anticollagenase, EPA, erythroid promoting activity, embryogenin-1, TPA-S1, TPA-induced protein S1) (Roeb et al, 1995; Torres et al, 1999; Nakatsukasa et al, 1996; Bugno et al, 1996; Garciade Leon Mdel et al, 2006)
• TIMP-2 (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2, TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 2, CSC-21K, MI, CHIAMP, Chondrocyte-derived inhibitor of angiogenesis and metalloproteinase activity) (Nakatsukasa et al, 1996; Roeb et al, 1995; Garciade Leon Mdel et al, 2006)
• TIMP-3 (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-3, TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 3, mitogen-inducible gene 5, mig-5; SFD, Sorsby fundus dystrophy) (Knittel et al, 1999)
• TLR-1 (Toll-like receptor-1, rsc786, randomly sequenced cDNA 786, TIL, Toll-interleukin-1 receptor-like, CD281) (Liu et al, 2002)
• TLR-2 (Toll-like receptor-2, TIL-4, Toll-interleukin-1 receptor-like-4, Ly105, lymphocyte antigen 105, CD282) (Vodovotz et al, 2001; Wright et al, 2004; Matsumura et al, 2000, 2004 Liu et al, 2002; Ojaniemi et al, 2006)
• TLR-3 (Toll-like receptor-3, CD283) (Liu et al, 2002)
• TLR-4 (Toll-like receptor-4, human Toll, TOLL, Ly87, Rasl2-8, CD284) (Wright et al, 2004; Migita et al, 2004; Matsumara et al, 2000 Liu et al, 2002)
• TLR-5 [Toll-like receptor-5, TIL-3, Toll-interleukin-1 receptor-like-3) (Liu et al, 2002)
• TLR-6 (toll-like receptor-6, CD286) (Liu et al, 2002)
• TLR-7 (Toll-like receptor-7) (Liu et al, 2002)
• TLR-8 (Toll-like receptor-8, CD288) (Liu et al, 2002)
• TLR-9 (Toll-like receptor-9, A6RP, A6-related protein, CD289) (Liu et al, 2002)
• TNF-alpha (tumor necrosis factor-alpha, TNFSF2, TNF ligand superfamily member 2, Cachectin, CF, cytotoxic factor, CTX, cytotoxin, DIF, differentiation inducing factor, EP, endogenous pyrogens, Hemorrhagic factor, Macrophage-derived cytotoxic factor, J774-derived cytotoxic factor, MCF, macrophage cytotoxic factor, MCT, macrophage cytotoxin, MD-FGF, monocyte-derived fibroblast growth factor, PCF, peritoneal cytotoxic factor, RCF, Released cytotoxic factor) (Cataldegirmen et al, 2005; Kasprzak et al, 2004; Lozano et al, 2003; Lord et al, 2001; Rowell et al, 1997; Balasubramaniyan et al, 2007)
•• TNF-alpha (tumor necrosis factor-alpha, TNFSF2, TNF ligand superfamily member 2, Cachectin, CF, cytotoxic factor, CTX, cytotoxin, DIF, differentiation inducing factor, EP, endogenous pyrogens, Hemorrhagic factor, Macrophage-derived cytotoxic factor, J774-derived cytotoxic factor, MCF, macrophage cytotoxic factor, MCT, macrophage cytotoxin, MD-FGF, monocyte-derived fibroblast growth factor, PCF, peritoneal cytotoxic factor, RCF, Released cytotoxic factor) receptors (Galluci et al, 2000; Adamson and Billings, 1994; Volpe et al, 1992; Hassanshahi et al, 2007; Halme et al, 2009)
•• TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand, APO-2 ligand, APO-2L, TL2, TNF-like-2, TNF ligand superfamily member 10, TNFSF10, Ly81, CD253) receptors (Higuchi et al, 2004; Yin and Ding, 2003; Jo et al, 2000)
•• TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand, APO-2 ligand, APO-2L, TL2, TNF-like-2, TNF ligand superfamily member 10, TNFSF10, Ly81, CD253) receptor-2 (TRAIL receptor-2, TRAIL-R2, death receptor-5, DR5, KILLER, TRICK2, TRAIL receptor inducer of cell killing-2, TNFRSF10B, TNF receptor superfamily member 10B, CD262, Ly98) (Babu et al, 2009)
• transferrin (TRF, serotransferrin, siderophilin, DF-77, GPBP, granulocyte/pollen-binding protein, Lung-derived growth factor) (Castell et al, 1988; Sirica et al, 1979; Schuetz et al, 1988; Andus et al, 1983; Koj et al, 1984; Gomez-Lechon et al, 1990)
• transthyretin (TTR, Thyroxine-binding prealbumin, TBPA, prealbumin, PALB) (Aldred and Schreiber, 1996)
•• transthyretin (TTR, Thyroxine-binding prealbumin, TBPA, prealbumin, PALB) receptors (Divino and Schussler, 1990)

•• uroguanylin (UGN, guanylate cyclase activator 2A, GUCA2B) receptors (Scheving and Russell, 2001)

•• Vasopressin (Arginine vasopressin, Arg-Vasopressin, AVP, ARVP, VP, Antidiuretic hormone, ADH, Adiuretin, Vasotocin, Pituitrin P, Pitressin, arginine-vasopressin-neurophysin II, vasopressin-neurophysin 2-copeptin, AVP-NpII) receptors (Bucher et al, 2002; Metcalfe et al, 1997; Sato et al, 1992; Howl et al, 1991; Massicotte et al, 1990)
• VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF-A, vascular endothelial growth factor A, VEGF-1, vascular endothelial growth factor-1, VEG/PF, vascular endothelial growth factor/vascular permeability factor, GD-VEGF, glioma-derived vascular endothelial growth factor, VAS, Vasculotropin, Vascular endothelial cell proliferation factor, VPF, vascular permeability factor, FSdGF, Folliculo stellate cell-derived growth factor) (Archambault et al, 2001; Corpechot et al, 2002; Shimizu et al, 2001; Taniguchi et al, 2001; Gess et al, 1996; Yamane et al, 1994; Park et al, 2000; Rosmorduc et al, 1999)
• VEGF-189 (VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF-A, vascular endothelial growth factor A, VEGF-1, vascular endothelial growth factor-1, VEG/PF, vascular endothelial growth factor/vascular permeability factor, GD-VEGF, glioma-derived vascular endothelial growth factor, VAS, Vasculotropin, Vascular endothelial cell proliferation factor, VPF, vascular permeability factor, FSdGF, Folliculo stellate cell derived growth factor) (Sawant et al, 2004)
•• VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF-A, vascular endothelial growth factor A, VEGF-1, vascular endothelial growth factor-1, VEG/PF, vascular endothelial growth factor/vascular permeability factor, GD-VEGF, glioma-derived vascular endothelial growth factor, VAS, Vasculotropin, Vascular endothelial cell proliferation factor, VPF, vascular permeability factor, FSdGF, Folliculo stellate cell-derived growth factor) receptors (flt-1) (Ross et al, 2001)
•• VIP (vasoactive intestinal peptide) receptors (Kar et al, 1996)
• vitronectin (VN, VTN, Epibolin, Serum spreading factor, SF, Membrane attack complex inhibitor, S protein, Protein X, Complement S protein, PAIBP, Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 binding protein, Somatomedin B) (Otter et al, 1995)
• Wnt-1 (int-1) (Apte et al, 2008)
•• Wnt-1 (int-1) receptors (Monga et al, 2002)

For related information see also: Cell types, Cell lines in Cytokine Research, Cell culture.

LAST MODIFIED: November 2009

See REFERENCES for entry hepatocytes

#

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

W

X

Y

Z

Space for your TEXTLINK ADVERTISEMENTS. Please Inquire

---

---

supports the COPE bioinformatics project with an unrestricted educational grant
Inquiries from other sides welcome

---

Created, developed, and maintained by Prof Dr H Ibelgaufts               About the author of COPE   |    Contact COPE   |    postcard and stampware

---

Access to COPE is free only for academic institutions and non-profit organizations. OTHER USERS: must contact COPE and pay a site licence fee. Non-payment of the site licence fee is a serious breach of COPE's binding Usage Agreement. If you do not wish to be bound by this agreement, do not use COPE

COPE is not in the public domain! The commercial use of COPE contents is not allowed. Download of complete offline-readable copies and the use of automatic extraction methods are prohibited! Usage Agreement, Disclaimer, Copyright Notice   |  All rights reserved by H Ibelgaufts   |  Privacy Statement U L T R A   P O S S E   N E M O   O B L I G A T U R

cope.cgi version 24.7.04, revision Jan 15, 2010. (c) JI. Powered by Perl 5.008008 [b=4]